Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics. Much progress has also been made in theoretical condensed matter physics. By one estimate, one third of all US physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists. Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields. The term "condensed matter physics" was apparently coined by Philip Anderson and Volker Heine when they renamed their research group at Cavendish Laboratory - previously "solid-state theory" - in 1967. In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics at the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics. Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.
One of the reasons for calling the field "condensed matter physics" is that many of the concepts and techniques developed for studying solids actually apply to fluid systems. For instance, the conduction electrons in an electrical conductor form a type of quantum fluid with essentially the same properties as fluids made up of atoms. In fact, the phenomenon of superconductivity, in which the electrons condense into a new fluid phase in which they can flow without dissipation, is very closely analogous to the superfluid phase found in He 4 at low temperatures and He 3 when two of these atoms pair and thus take on boson properties.
Topics in condensed matter physics
- Phases
- Generic phases - Gas(* uncondensed); Liquid; Solid
- Low temperature phases - Bose-Einstein condensate; Fermi gas; Fermi liquid; Fermionic condensate; Luttinger liquid; Superfluid; Composite Fermions; Supersolid
- Phase phenomena - Order parameter; Phase transition; Cooling curve
- Interfaces
- ''Surface tension
- Domain growth - Nucleation; Spinodal decomposition
- Interfacial growth - Dendritic growth; Solidification fronts; Viscous fingering
- Crystalline solids
- Types - Insulator; Metal; Semiconductor; Semimetal
- Electronic properties - Band gap; Bloch wave; Conduction band; Effective mass; Electrical conduction; Electron hole; Valence band
- Electronic phenomena - Kondo effect; Plasmon; Quantum Hall effect; Superconductivity; Wigner crystal; Thermoelectricity
- Lattice phenomena - Antiferromagnet; Ferroelectric effect; Ferromagnet; Magnon; Phonon; Spin glass; Topological defect; Multiferroics
- Non-crystalline solids
- Types -Amorphous solid; Granular matter; Quasicrystals
- Soft condensed matter
- Types - Liquid crystals; Polymers; Complex fluids; Gels; Foams; Emulsions; Colloids
- Nanotechnology
- Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS)
- Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy
- Heat Transport in Nanoscale Systems
- Spin Transport
References
See also
- Quantum field theory
- Green–Kubo relations
- Green's function (many-body theory)
- Molecular modeling software
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Monday October 06, 2008 at 01:24:54 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics. Much progress has also been made in theoretical condensed matter physics. By one estimate, one third of all US physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists. Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields. The term "condensed matter physics" was apparently coined by Philip Anderson and Volker Heine when they renamed their research group at Cavendish Laboratory - previously "solid-state theory" - in 1967. In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics at the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics. Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.
One of the reasons for calling the field "condensed matter physics" is that many of the concepts and techniques developed for studying solids actually apply to fluid systems. For instance, the conduction electrons in an electrical conductor form a type of quantum fluid with essentially the same properties as fluids made up of atoms. In fact, the phenomenon of superconductivity, in which the electrons condense into a new fluid phase in which they can flow without dissipation, is very closely analogous to the superfluid phase found in He 4 at low temperatures and He 3 when two of these atoms pair and thus take on boson properties.
Topics in condensed matter physics
- Phases
- Generic phases - Gas(* uncondensed); Liquid; Solid
- Low temperature phases - Bose-Einstein condensate; Fermi gas; Fermi liquid; Fermionic condensate; Luttinger liquid; Superfluid; Composite Fermions; Supersolid
- Phase phenomena - Order parameter; Phase transition; Cooling curve
- Interfaces
- ''Surface tension
- Domain growth - Nucleation; Spinodal decomposition
- Interfacial growth - Dendritic growth; Solidification fronts; Viscous fingering
- Crystalline solids
- Types - Insulator; Metal; Semiconductor; Semimetal
- Electronic properties - Band gap; Bloch wave; Conduction band; Effective mass; Electrical conduction; Electron hole; Valence band
- Electronic phenomena - Kondo effect; Plasmon; Quantum Hall effect; Superconductivity; Wigner crystal; Thermoelectricity
- Lattice phenomena - Antiferromagnet; Ferroelectric effect; Ferromagnet; Magnon; Phonon; Spin glass; Topological defect; Multiferroics
- Non-crystalline solids
- Types -Amorphous solid; Granular matter; Quasicrystals
- Soft condensed matter
- Types - Liquid crystals; Polymers; Complex fluids; Gels; Foams; Emulsions; Colloids
- Nanotechnology
- Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS)
- Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy
- Heat Transport in Nanoscale Systems
- Spin Transport
References
See also
- Quantum field theory
- Green–Kubo relations
- Green's function (many-body theory)
- Molecular modeling software
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Monday October 06, 2008 at 01:24:54 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
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