Columbus Quarter is a community on the Unadilla River in the Town of Columbus.
The north town line is the border of Madison County, and the east town line is the border of Otsego County, marked by the West Branch of the Unadilla River.
New York State Route 8 is a north-south highway by the east town line, and New York State Route 80 is an east-west highway.
There were 342 households out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $27,452, and the median income for a family was $31,118. Males had a median income of $23,654 versus $20,952 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,731. About 15.8% of families and 21.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 25.5% of those age 65 or over.