Colony of Natal

The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on May 4, 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa. It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

It was originally only about half the size of the present province, with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent kingdom of Zululand (KwaZulu in Zulu). The present province was also enlarged by the addition of Griqualand East to the south.

History

In April 1842 Lord Stanley (afterwards 14th earl of Derby), then secretary for the colonies in the second Peel Administration, wrote to Sir George Napier that the establishment of a colony in Natal would be attended with little prospect of advantage, but at the same time stated that the pretensions of the emigrants to be regarded as an independent community could not be admitted. Various measures were proposed which would but have aggravated the situation. Finally, in deference to the strongly urged views of Sir George Napier, Lord Stanley, in a despatch of the 13th of December, received in Cape Town on the 23rd of April 1843, consented to Natal becoming a British colony. The institutions adopted were to be as far as possible in accordance with the wishes of the people, but it was a fundamental condition "that there should not be in the eye of the law any distinction or disqualification whatever, founded on mere difference of colour, origin, language or creed." Sir George then appointed Mr Henry Cloete (a brother of Colonel Cloete) a special commissioner to explain to the Natal volksraad the decision of the government.

There was a considerable party of Natal Boers still strongly opposed to the British, and they were reinforced by numerous bands of Boers who came over the Drakensberg from Winburg and Potchefstroom. Commandant Jan Mocke of Winburg (who had helped to besiege Captain Smith at Durban) and others of the "war party" attempted to induce the volksraad not to submit, and a plan was formed to murder Pretorius, Boshof and other leaders, who were now convinced that the only chance of ending the state of complete anarchy into which the country had fallen was by accepting British sovereignty. In these circumstances the task of Mr Henry Cloete was one of great difficulty and delicacy. He behaved with the utmost tact and got rid of the Winburg and Potchefstroom burghers by declaring that he should recommend the Drakensberg as the northern limit of Natal. On the 8th of August 1843 the Natal volksraad unanimously agreed to the terms proposed by Lord Stanley. Many of the Boers who would not acknowledge British rule trekked once more over the mountains into what are now the Orange Free State and Transvaal provinces. At the end of 1843 there were not more than 500 Dutch families left in Natal.

Cloete, before returning to the Cape, visited Mpande and obtained from him a valuable concession. Hitherto the Tugela from source to mouth had been the recognized frontier between Natal and Zululand. Mpande gave up to Natal all the territory between the Buffalo and Tugela rivers, now forming Klip River county.

British Annexation

Natal was proclaimed a British Colony in 1843, and administered from the Cape Colony in 1844. However, it was not until the end of 1845 that an effective administration was installed with Mr Martin West as lieutenant-governor that the power of the volksraad finally came to an end. In the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 the British defeated the Zulu army, and Zululand was annexed to Natal in 1897.

Governors of the Colony of Natal (1843-1910)

Special Commissioner

• Henry Cloete (10 May 1843 - 31 May 1844)

Direct rule by Cape Colony (31 May 1844 - 4 December 1845)

Lieutenant-governors

• Martin Thomas West (4 December 1845 - 1 August 1849)
• Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (1st time) (19 April 1850 - 3 March 1855)
• John Scott (5 November 1856 - 31 December 1864)
• John Maclean (31 December 1864 - 26 July 1865)
• John Wellesley Thomas (acting) (26 July 1865 - 26 August 1865)
• John Jarvis Bisset (acting) (26 August 1865 - 24 May 1867)
• Robert William Keate (24 May 1867 - 19 July 1872)
• Anthony Musgrave (19 July 1872 - 30 April 1873)
• Thomas Milles (acting) (30 April 1873 - 22 July 1873)
• Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (2nd time) (22 July 1873 - 1 April 1875)
• Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley (acting) (1 April 1875 - 3 September 1875)
• Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer (3 September 1875 - 20 April 1880)
• William Bellairs (acting) (20 April 1880 - 5 May 1880)
• Henry Hugh Clifford (acting) (5 May 1880 - 2 July 1880)

Governors

• Sir George Pomeroy Colley (2 July 1880 - 27 February 1881)
• Henry Alexander (acting for Colley) (17 August 1880 - 14 September 1880)
• Sir Henry Evelyn Wood (acting) (27 February 1881 - 3 April 1881)
• Redvers Henry Buller (acting) (3 April 1881 - 9 August 1881)
• Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (1st time, acting) (22 December 1881 - 6 March 1882)
• Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer (6 March 1882 - 23 October 1885)
• Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock (18 February 1886 - 5 June 1889)
• Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (2nd time) (1 December 1889 - July 1893)
• Francis Seymour Haden (acting) (July 1893 - 27 September 1893)
• Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson (28 September 1893 - 6 May 1901)
• Sir Henry Edward McCallum (13 May 1901 - 7 June 1907)
• Sir Matthew Nathan (2 September 1907 - 23 December 1909)
• Paul Sanford Methuen, Baron Methuen (17 January 1910 - 31 May 1910)

The post of Governor of the Colony of Natal became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa.

Prime Ministers of the Colony of Natal (1893-1910)

• Sir John Robinson (10 October 1893 - 14 February 1897)
• Harry Escombe (15 February 1897 - 4 October 1897)
• Sir Henry Binns (5 October 1897 - 8 June 1899)
• Sir Albert Henry Hime (9 June 1899 - 17 August 1903)
• George Morris Sutton (18 August 1903 - 16 May 1905)
• Charles John Smythe (16 May 1905 - 28 November 1906)
• Frederick Robert Moor (28 November 1906 - 28 April 1910)

The post of Prime Minister of the Colony of Natal also became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa.

Natal Province

Natal became Natal Province, one of the four founding provinces of the Union of South Africa in 1910, and in 1994 was combined with the KwaZulu bantustan to become KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal is home to the Zulu nation. There is also a large East Indian population, a white Boer-descended population to the north, and descendants of British settlers mainly in the cities.