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Close central unrounded vowel
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Cite This SourceClose central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɨ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 1. The IPA symbol is the letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred-i".Features
- Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.
Occurrence
/ɨ/ is a rare phoneme in most Indo-European languages. However, it is very common as a separate phoneme in the indigenous languages of the Americas and is often in phonemic contrast with other close vowels such as /i/ and /u/ both in modern living languages as well as reconstructed proto-languages (e.g. proto-Uto-Aztecan). identify the presence of this vowel phoneme as an areal feature of a Mesoamerican Sprachbund (although this is not a defining feature of the entire area).| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amharic | ሥር | 'root' | Often transcribed as <ə> | ||
| Angor | ''hüf | 'hot' | |||
| English | roses | 'roses' | Reduced vowel in some dialects; corresponds to unstressed [ɪ] in other dialects. See English phonology. | ||
| Guaraní | yvy | 'earth' | |||
| Irish | saol | 'life' | See Irish phonology | ||
| Kaingang | fy | 'seed' | |||
| Mapudungan | trukür | 'fog' | See Mapudungun phonology | ||
| Polish | mysz | 'mouse' | See Polish phonology | ||
| Romanian | înspre | [ɨnspre] | 'toward' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | ты | 'you' (singular) | Only occurs after unpalatalized nonvelar consonants. See Russian phonology | ||
| Sahaptin | [kʼsɨt] | 'cold' | |||
| Sirionó | [eˈsɨ] | 'dry wood' | |||
| Tupi | yby | [ɨβɨ] | 'earth' | ||
| Võro | sysar | [sɨsarʲ] | 'sister' | ||
| Welsh | Northern dialects | llun | [ɬɨːn] | 'picture' | |
Near-close central unrounded vowel
References
Bibliography
- Gómez, Paula. (1999). Huichol de San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco. Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México. México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios.
- Koehn, Edward; & Koehn, Sally. (1986). Apalai. In D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullum (Eds.), Handbook of Amazonian linguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 33-127). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Payne, Doris L.; & Payne, Thomas E. (1990). Yagua. In D. C. Derbyshire & G. K. Pullum (Eds.), Handbook of Amazonian linguistics (Vol. 2, pp. 252-474). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
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Last updated on Friday March 07, 2008 at 18:49:47 PST (GMT -0800)
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