Characterology attempted to resolve flaws in the phrenological systems of Dr. Francis Joseph Gall and Johann Spurzheim. McCormick tried to distance himself from those earlier systems, and wrote extensively about how his ideas improved upon them.
McCormick suggested possible applications for characterology, e.g., advice for parents and educators, guidance in military officer promotions, evaluating thinking patterns (i.e., reason-oriented or memory-oriented ), assessing business associates and competitors, career counseling, and selecting marital partners.