Casiguran is politically subdivided into 25 barangays.
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Established in the year 1600, Castiguran was the first missionary parish of Sorsogon. When the Spaniards first set foot in this part of Luzon in the 1570s, Casiguran was considered as their center of Kabikolan.
In 1583, the Franciscan missionaries took over the evangilization work started by the Augustinians.
The name Casiguran is believed to come from the Bicol phrase casi gurang, meaning, mostly old, pointing to the fact that it was the first parish and therefore to be considered to be populated by senior inhabitants.