The Canal Hotel Bombing in Baghdad, Iraq, in the afternoon of August 19, 2003, killed at least 22 people, including Sérgio Vieira de Mello, and wounded over 100. The blast targeted the United Nations (UN), which had used the hotel as its headquarters in Iraq since 1991. The attack was followed by a second bombing a month later which resulted in a withdrawal of the 600 UN staff members in Iraq. These events were to have a profound and lasting impact on the UN's security practices globally.
The bombing
The explosion occurred while Martin Barber, director of the UN's Mine Action Service (UNMAS) was holding a press conference. The explosion damaged a spinal cord treatment center at the hospital nearby and the resulting shockwave was felt a mile away.The blast was caused by a suicide bomber driving a truck bomb. The vehicle has been identified as a large 2002 flatbed Kamaz (manufactured in Eastern Europe; part of the former Iraqi establishment's fleet). Investigators in Iraq suspected the bomb was made from old munitions, including a single 500-pound bomb, possibly from Iraq's pre-war arsenal. Investigators said that such items would not require any "great degree of sophistication" to assemble.
There is speculation that Sérgio Vieira de Mello, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, may have been specifically targeted in the blast due to the proximity of the explosion to his office. The UN building may have been chosen due to its limited security. Another motive to the bombing could be the UN imposed sanctions on Iraq. The OCHA Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) for Iraq (UNOHCI) was located directly beneath Vieira de Mello’s office and suffered a direct hit. Of the eight staff and one visitor in the office at the time, one managed to escape.
Second bomb
The bombing was followed on September 22, 2003, by another car bomb outside the Canal Hotel. The blast killed the bomber and an Iraqi policeman and wounded 19 others, including UN workers. The second attack led to the withdrawal of some 600 UN international staff from Baghdad, along with employees of other aid agencies. In August 2004, de Mello's replacement, Ashraf Qazi, arrived in Baghdad along with a small number of staff.List of victims
| Name | Age | Nationality | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sérgio Vieira de Mello | 55 | Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to Iraq | |
| Nadia Younes | 57 | Chief of Staff for Vieira de Mello | |
| Fiona Watson | 35 | Member of Vieira de Mello's staff | |
| Jean-Sélim Kanaan | 33 | Member of Vieira de Mello's staff | |
| Richard 'Rick' Hooper | 40 | Senior advisor to the UN Under-Secretary-General for the Department of Political Affairs | |
| Chris Klein-Beekman | 32 | UN Children's Fund's program coordinator | |
| Reham Al-Farra | 29 | Department of Public Information, Deputy Spokesperson | |
| Martha Teas | 47 | UNOHCI manager | |
| Leen Assad Al-Qadi | 32 | UNOHCI Information Assistant | |
| Ranillo Buenaventura | 47 | UNOHCI | |
| Reza Hosseini | 43 | UNOHCI | |
| Ihsan Taha Husein | 26 | UNOHCI Driver | |
| Basim Mahmoud Utaiwi | 40 | UNOHCI Security guard | |
| Raid Shaker Mustafa Al-Mahdawi | 32 | United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) | |
| Gillian Clark | 47 | Christian Children's Fund | |
| Arthur Helton | 54 | Director of peace and conflict studies at the US Council on Foreign Relations | |
| Dr. Alya Souza | 54 | World Bank | |
| Manuel Martín-Oar | 56 | Naval captain, assistant to the Spanish special ambassador to Iraq | |
| Khidir Saleem Sahir | Civilian | ||
| Saad Hermiz Abona | 45 | Working for a UN subcontractor | |
| Omar Kahtan Mohamed Al-Orfali | 34 | Driver |
Marilyn Manuel, Philippines, a member of Vieira de Mello's staff originally listed as dead, stunned her family when she called home, not knowing they had been told she was dead. The cause of this was that Ms. Manuel had been evacuated to an Iraqi hospital which did not notify the UN of her presence. Consequently, she was listed as missing and presumed dead in the collapsed section of the building.
Suspects
As of 2006, the prime suspects in this bombing are followers of the late Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who had purportedly claimed responsibility for this attack. In January 2005, a top bombmaker for Zarqawi's group, Abu Omar al-Kurdi, was captured by the coalition and claimed his associates made the bomb used in this attack. On December 16, 2005, Iraqi authorities issued an arrest warrant for Mullah Halgurd al-Khabir, a commander of Ansar al-Sunna, in connection with the attack. In an audio tape quoted here, Zarqawi motivated the bombing of the UN building. The Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera identified the suicide bomber as Algerian national Fahdal Nassim. Other suspects included Baathists, militant Sunni and Shiite groups, organized crime, and tribal elements. Blame was initially thought to lie with Ansar al-Islam, which was thought at the time to be Zarqawi's group. An otherwise unknown group called the "Armed Vanguards of the Second Mohammed Army" claimed they were responsible for the attack.Responses
The suicide bombing of the United Nations in Baghdad drew overwhelming condemnation. Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary-General, commented that the bombing would not stop the organization's efforts to rebuild Iraq, and said: "Nothing can excuse this act of unprovoked and murderous violence against men and women who went to Iraq for one purpose only: to help the Iraqi people recover their independence and sovereignty, and to rebuild their country as fast as possible, under leaders of their own choosing."However, since this event the UN country team's expatriates and leaders relocated in Amman (Jordan) and continued to work remotely. Only some Iraqis have continued under drastic security measures all around the country (except in Kurdistan where they are more numerous and can move more freely). Few expatriates are, 5 years later, authorized to go inside Iraq (including Kurdistan) and only inside huge security compounds such as the so-called "Green Zone" in Baghdad. Humanitarian support is now entirely conducted inside the country by NGOs, under UN remote supervision.
See also
References
External links
- United Nations portal for the anniversary
- Kofi Annan's statement on the one-year anniversary
- who.int Senior WHO official, Dr David Nabarro, describes his experience inside the Canal Hotel
- on the bombing, Oct. 22, 2003
- March 3, 2004 Report of the Security in Iraq Accountability Panel (SIAP)
- GlobalSecurity.org The Canal Hotel UN Headquarters Compound
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Wednesday September 24, 2008 at 17:35:34 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
The Canal Hotel Bombing in Baghdad, Iraq, in the afternoon of August 19, 2003, killed at least 22 people, including Sérgio Vieira de Mello, and wounded over 100. The blast targeted the United Nations (UN), which had used the hotel as its headquarters in Iraq since 1991. The attack was followed by a second bombing a month later which resulted in a withdrawal of the 600 UN staff members in Iraq. These events were to have a profound and lasting impact on the UN's security practices globally.
The bombing
The explosion occurred while Martin Barber, director of the UN's Mine Action Service (UNMAS) was holding a press conference. The explosion damaged a spinal cord treatment center at the hospital nearby and the resulting shockwave was felt a mile away.The blast was caused by a suicide bomber driving a truck bomb. The vehicle has been identified as a large 2002 flatbed Kamaz (manufactured in Eastern Europe; part of the former Iraqi establishment's fleet). Investigators in Iraq suspected the bomb was made from old munitions, including a single 500-pound bomb, possibly from Iraq's pre-war arsenal. Investigators said that such items would not require any "great degree of sophistication" to assemble.
There is speculation that Sérgio Vieira de Mello, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, may have been specifically targeted in the blast due to the proximity of the explosion to his office. The UN building may have been chosen due to its limited security. Another motive to the bombing could be the UN imposed sanctions on Iraq. The OCHA Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) for Iraq (UNOHCI) was located directly beneath Vieira de Mello’s office and suffered a direct hit. Of the eight staff and one visitor in the office at the time, one managed to escape.
Second bomb
The bombing was followed on September 22, 2003, by another car bomb outside the Canal Hotel. The blast killed the bomber and an Iraqi policeman and wounded 19 others, including UN workers. The second attack led to the withdrawal of some 600 UN international staff from Baghdad, along with employees of other aid agencies. In August 2004, de Mello's replacement, Ashraf Qazi, arrived in Baghdad along with a small number of staff.List of victims
| Name | Age | Nationality | Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sérgio Vieira de Mello | 55 | Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to Iraq | |
| Nadia Younes | 57 | Chief of Staff for Vieira de Mello | |
| Fiona Watson | 35 | Member of Vieira de Mello's staff | |
| Jean-Sélim Kanaan | 33 | Member of Vieira de Mello's staff | |
| Richard 'Rick' Hooper | 40 | Senior advisor to the UN Under-Secretary-General for the Department of Political Affairs | |
| Chris Klein-Beekman | 32 | UN Children's Fund's program coordinator | |
| Reham Al-Farra | 29 | Department of Public Information, Deputy Spokesperson | |
| Martha Teas | 47 | UNOHCI manager | |
| Leen Assad Al-Qadi | 32 | UNOHCI Information Assistant | |
| Ranillo Buenaventura | 47 | UNOHCI | |
| Reza Hosseini | 43 | UNOHCI | |
| Ihsan Taha Husein | 26 | UNOHCI Driver | |
| Basim Mahmoud Utaiwi | 40 | UNOHCI Security guard | |
| Raid Shaker Mustafa Al-Mahdawi | 32 | United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) | |
| Gillian Clark | 47 | Christian Children's Fund | |
| Arthur Helton | 54 | Director of peace and conflict studies at the US Council on Foreign Relations | |
| Dr. Alya Souza | 54 | World Bank | |
| Manuel Martín-Oar | 56 | Naval captain, assistant to the Spanish special ambassador to Iraq | |
| Khidir Saleem Sahir | Civilian | ||
| Saad Hermiz Abona | 45 | Working for a UN subcontractor | |
| Omar Kahtan Mohamed Al-Orfali | 34 | Driver |
Marilyn Manuel, Philippines, a member of Vieira de Mello's staff originally listed as dead, stunned her family when she called home, not knowing they had been told she was dead. The cause of this was that Ms. Manuel had been evacuated to an Iraqi hospital which did not notify the UN of her presence. Consequently, she was listed as missing and presumed dead in the collapsed section of the building.
Suspects
As of 2006, the prime suspects in this bombing are followers of the late Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who had purportedly claimed responsibility for this attack. In January 2005, a top bombmaker for Zarqawi's group, Abu Omar al-Kurdi, was captured by the coalition and claimed his associates made the bomb used in this attack. On December 16, 2005, Iraqi authorities issued an arrest warrant for Mullah Halgurd al-Khabir, a commander of Ansar al-Sunna, in connection with the attack. In an audio tape quoted here, Zarqawi motivated the bombing of the UN building. The Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera identified the suicide bomber as Algerian national Fahdal Nassim. Other suspects included Baathists, militant Sunni and Shiite groups, organized crime, and tribal elements. Blame was initially thought to lie with Ansar al-Islam, which was thought at the time to be Zarqawi's group. An otherwise unknown group called the "Armed Vanguards of the Second Mohammed Army" claimed they were responsible for the attack.Responses
The suicide bombing of the United Nations in Baghdad drew overwhelming condemnation. Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary-General, commented that the bombing would not stop the organization's efforts to rebuild Iraq, and said: "Nothing can excuse this act of unprovoked and murderous violence against men and women who went to Iraq for one purpose only: to help the Iraqi people recover their independence and sovereignty, and to rebuild their country as fast as possible, under leaders of their own choosing."However, since this event the UN country team's expatriates and leaders relocated in Amman (Jordan) and continued to work remotely. Only some Iraqis have continued under drastic security measures all around the country (except in Kurdistan where they are more numerous and can move more freely). Few expatriates are, 5 years later, authorized to go inside Iraq (including Kurdistan) and only inside huge security compounds such as the so-called "Green Zone" in Baghdad. Humanitarian support is now entirely conducted inside the country by NGOs, under UN remote supervision.
See also
References
External links
- United Nations portal for the anniversary
- Kofi Annan's statement on the one-year anniversary
- who.int Senior WHO official, Dr David Nabarro, describes his experience inside the Canal Hotel
- on the bombing, Oct. 22, 2003
- March 3, 2004 Report of the Security in Iraq Accountability Panel (SIAP)
- GlobalSecurity.org The Canal Hotel UN Headquarters Compound
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Wednesday September 24, 2008 at 17:35:34 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
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