Canadian French

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Canadian French is an umbrella term for the varieties of the French language used in Canada. French is the mother tongue of about 6.7 million Canadians (23% of the Canadian population), and includes the following varieties:

Quebec French is spoken in Quebec. Closely related varieties descended from it are spoken by francophone communities in Ontario, Western Canada, Labrador and even in the New England region of the United States, and differ primarily by their greater conservatism. The term Laurentian French has limited currency as an umbrella term for these varieties, and Quebec French, somewhat confusingly, is also used. The overwhelming majority of francophone Canadians use this dialect.
Métis French spoken in Manitoba, North Dakota and adjacent areas, alongside with the related but distinct mixed language Michif.
Bonaventure County French, also spoken in neighboring parts of Beauce-Appalaches and Madawaska, seems phonologically close to Acadian French but is morphosyntactically identical with Quebec and Métis French.
Acadian French is spoken by the Acadians in some parts of the Canadian Maritimes. It is the reputed ancestor of Cajun French though this is disputed since Cajun is closer to Quebec French and Métis French than it is to Acadian.
Newfoundland French is spoken by a limited population in Newfoundland. It is an endangered dialect.

The term Canadian French was formerly used to refer specifically to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario and Western Canada descended from it. This is presumably because Canada and Acadia were distinct parts of New France, and even British North America until 1867. However, the term Canadian French is now not usually felt to exclude Acadian French.

Phylogenetically, Québec French, Métis French and Bonaventure County French are representatives of koine French in the Americas whereas Acadian French and Newfoundland French are derivatives of non-koinesized local dialects in France.

Canadian French

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See also