Campbell

Campbell, Scottish noble family, the head of which is the duke of Argyll. The Campbells of Lochow (Lochawe) rose to power in W Scotland in the later Middle Ages. In 1445, Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochow (d. 1453) received the title of Baron Campbell, and his grandson Colin Campbell (d. 1493), 2d Baron Campbell, was created 1st earl of Argyll in 1457. In the succeeding century the earls of Argyll played an ever more prominent role in Scottish affairs. Archibald Campbell (d. 1558), 4th earl of Argyll, became one of the leading Protestant lords of the congregation. Even more important, however, was his son Archibald Campbell, 5th earl of Argyll, also a lord of the congregation, who was deeply involved in the upheavals of the reign of Mary Queen of Scots. He was succeeded by his half-brother, Colin Campbell (d. 1584), 6th earl of Argyll, who was in turn succeeded by his son Archibald Campbell (1575-1638), 7th earl of Argyll. The 7th earl became a Roman Catholic and in 1619 surrendered management of his estates to his son Archibald Campbell, 8th earl and 1st marquess of Argyll. The 8th earl and his son Archibald Campbell, 9th earl of Argyll, were the most powerful Presbyterian nobles in Scotland during the tumultuous events of the 17th cent.; both were executed for treason. Archibald Campbell, the 10th earl, finally managed to regain the family estates and was created (1701) 1st duke of Argyll. He and, more especially, his kinsman John Campbell, 1st earl of Breadalbane, have been blamed (possibly unjustly) for the massacre (1692) of the MacDonalds of Glencoe by Campbell soldiers. John Campbell, 2d duke of Argyll, and his brother Archibald Campbell, 3d duke of Argyll, kept the family in the forefront of Scottish affairs. The 3d duke, however, died without legitimate issue, and the succession passed to a cadet branch of the family, the Campbells of Mamore. Of subsequent holders of the title the most prominent were George Douglas Campbell (1823-1900), 8th duke of Argyll, who held a series of cabinet positions, the most important as secretary of state for India in William Gladstone's first ministry (1868-74); and John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (1845-1914), 9th duke of Argyll, who married Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria, and was governor-general of Canada (1878-83).

Campbell, Alexander, 1788-1866, clergyman, cofounder with his father, Thomas Campbell, 1763-1854, of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Of Scottish lineage, both were born in Ireland and educated at the Univ. of Glasgow. Both were Anti-Burgher Presbyterians, a division opposed to the discipline of the main church. In 1807 the father went to America, where he was welcomed among the Scotch-Irish in SW Pennsylvania. His presbytery condemned him for asking all Presbyterians to join his church members in the communion service. Although his synod upheld him, the atmosphere remained so hostile that he and his followers, popularly called Campbellites, withdrew. They formed (1809) the Christian Association of Washington, Pa., setting forth its purposes in a "Declaration and Address." That year Campbell was joined in America by his family. In c.1812, having accepted the doctrine of immersion, the Campbells joined the Baptists, but by the late 1820s differences caused trouble. Alexander Campbell, who had assumed leadership, advocated a return to scriptural simplicity in organization and doctrine; his followers became known as Reformers. He founded (1823) the Christian Baptist to promote his views and addressed audiences in the new western states. He edited (from 1830) the Millennial Harbinger, wrote The Christian System (1839), and in 1840 founded Bethany College in West Virginia and became its president. Meanwhile, the Reformers had seceded from or been forced out of many Baptist churches, and Campbell suggested that they form congregations and call themselves Disciples of Christ. Many of the "Christians," led chiefly by Barton Warren Stone, joined congregations of the Disciples; in 1832 the two leaders agreed to unite their efforts.

Campbell, Colin, d. 1729, Scottish architect, who, in England, became one of the initiators of the Neo-Palladian movement. Campbell's most important contribution to this revival of classicizing architecture was his publication of Vitruvius Britannicus (3 vol., 1715, 1717, 1725). These volumes consisted of engravings of classical buildings in England—at first mainly those of Inigo Jones, but the later volumes presented designs by Campbell and other contemporary architects. Campbell's major buildings were Wanstead House, Essex (1715-20, destroyed), which incorporated what Campbell claimed to be England's first classical portico; the remodeling of Burlington House, London (c.1717) for his patron, Lord Burlington; and Mereworth Castle, Kent (1723). They derive from obvious Palladian precedents. Through his writings and his executed buildings, Campbell's influence on English architecture was great.

Campbell, Colin, Baron Clyde, 1792-1863, British general. He commanded troops in China (1842-46) and India (1847-54) and in the famous victory at Balaklava (1854) in the Crimean War. For his services in India in suppressing the Indian Mutiny (1857) he was created baron in 1858. He was made a field marshal in 1862.

Campbell, Donald Malcolm, 1921-67, British automobile and boat racer. The son of Sir Malcolm Campbell, from whom he inherited his passion for assaulting speed records and his mechanical inclinations, he helped to design a hull that would not disintegrate at speeds over 200 mi (322 km) per hr on water. His work attracted the attention of numerous British engineering firms and government departments. Campbell was killed in his jet-powered boat Bluebird as he tried to reach a speed of 300 mi (483 km) per hr. At the time of his death he held the world's speed record on water, 276.33 mi (444.89 km) per hr and had driven at an average speed of 403.1 mph (648.9 kph) on land.

Campbell, John, 1653-1728, American editor, b. Scotland. After emigrating to Boston, he was postmaster of the city from 1702 to 1718 and wrote newsletters for regular patrons. In 1704 he started printing these newsletters as a weekly half sheet, devoted mostly to foreign news, entitled the Boston News-Letter. Sold to Bartholomew Green in 1722, it was the first successfully established paper to appear in colonial America.

Campbell, John, 1st Baron Campbell, 1779-1861, British jurist. He was a member of the Whig party in the House of Commons from 1830 and in the Lords from 1841. Ambitious legally rather than politically, he became attorney general (1834-41), lord chief justice (1850), and lord chancellor (1859). Campbell was associated with legal reforms in the areas of real estate and local government, but his role was that of organizing the investigating commissions and guiding the bills through Parliament. He was more directly responsible for the Libel Act (1843), the Copyright Act (1846), and the Obscene Publications Act (1857). He wrote Lives of the Lord Chancellors (1845-47) and Lives of the Chief Justices (1849-57).

Campbell, John Francis, 1822-85, Scottish Gaelic scholar. He is known for Popular Tales of the West Highlands (4 vol., 1860-62) and Leabhar na Feinne (1872), a collection of Gaelic folk ballads. A meteorologist also, he invented an instrument to record the intensity of the sun's rays.

Campbell, Kim (Avril Phaedra Campbell), 1947-, Canadian political leader, prime minister of Canada (1993), b. Port Alberni, British Columbia. A litigation lawyer and originally a member of the Social Credit party, she held (1983-88) appointed and elected provincial positions in British Columbia. After joining the Progressive Conservative party, she was elected (1988) to the Canadian parliament. She served as justice minister and attorney general (1990-93) and defense minister (1993) under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. In 1993 she succeeded Mulroney, becoming Canada's first woman prime minister, as well as the first prime minister born and raised in western Canada. Shortly thereafter she and all but two of her party's candidates lost (1993) their seats in the national elections.

Campbell, Sir Malcolm, 1885-1949, English automobile and speedboat racer. A racing enthusiast from boyhood, Campbell set many speed records for motorcycles, airplanes, automobiles, and motorboats and in 1931 was knighted for his accomplishments. Driving his famed automobile Bluebird at Bonneville Flats, Utah, in 1935, Sir Malcolm was the first to reach the 300 mi (483 km) per hr mark. He then turned to speedboat racing and in 1939 set a new record of 141 mi per hr. Donald Campbell was his son.

Campbell, Mrs. Patrick, 1865-1940, English actress, whose maiden name was Beatrice Stella Tanner. Remembered today for her association with G. B. Shaw, she was an actress of great beauty and wit. She made her debut in 1888 but achieved her first London success in 1893 in the title role of Pinero's Second Mrs. Tanqueray. In 1901 she made the first of her numerous tours to the United States; in 1912 she met Shaw at whose request she originated the role of Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion.

Campbell, Robert: see Rob Roy.

Campbell, Robert, 1804-79, American fur trader and merchant, one of the mountain men, b. Ireland. He came to the United States c.1824. Having been advised to lead an outdoor life because of a lung ailment, he joined (1825) a fur trapping expedition. He trapped and traded in the Rocky Mts. until 1832, when he and William Sublette formed a partnership, which offered competition to the American Fur Company. Suffering reverses, they confined their activities to the mountain territory. The partnership was dissolved in 1842, and Campbell returned to St. Louis, where he amassed a fortune in merchandising, real estate, and banking. In 1851 and again in 1869 he served as Indian commissioner.

Campbell, Robert, 1808-94, Canadian fur trader and explorer, b. Scotland. Employed as a young man by the Hudson's Bay Company, he was sent in 1834 to the Mackenzie River region, where he remained until 1852. He discovered the Pelly River in 1840, descending it in 1843 to its confluence with the Lewes River to form the Yukon. Here he established Fort Selkirk in 1848. Later (1850-51) he followed the Yukon to its junction with the Porcupine River at Fort Yukon. He worked as a trader for Hudson's Bay until 1871, when he was discharged, and spent his last years as a rancher in Manitoba. He wrote The Discovery and Exploration of the Pelly River (1883).

Campbell, Roy, 1901-57, South African poet and satirist. After some time in England and France Campbell returned to South Africa to edit Voorslag [Whiplash], a satirical magazine, publishing works such as The Flaming Terrapin (1924) and The Georgiad (1931), an attack on the Bloomsbury group. In the 1930s, after a conversion to Roman Catholicism, Campbell turned to heroic poetry as in Mithraic Emblems (1936). Campbell's enthusiasm for Franco during the Spanish Civil War, expressed in Flowering Rifle (1939), has long interfered with an unbiased assessment of his work. He served with the British army in both world wars. His collected poems were published in 1957.

Campbell, Thomas, 1763-1854, American clergyman, a founder of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). See Campbell, Alexander, his more famous son.

Campbell, Thomas, 1777-1844, Scottish poet. He is best known for his war poems "Hohenlinden," "The Battle of the Baltic," and "Ye Mariners of England." Among his other volumes of poetry are The Pleasure of Hope (1799), Gertrude of Wyoming (1809); and Theodric (1824).

Campbell, William, 1745-81, American Revolutionary soldier, b. Augusta co., Va.; brother-in-law of Patrick Henry. He fought in Lord Dunmore's War (1774) and helped expel the royal governor from Williamsburg in 1776. Campbell and his group of Virginia riflemen in 1780 joined Sevier and Shelby at Kings Mt. (see Carolina campaign), where he was in command. Later Campbell saw action at Guilford Courthouse, at Eutaw Springs, and in the Yorktown campaign.

Campbell, (William) Wilfred, 1861-1918, Canadian poet, b. Kitchener, Ont. Although ordained an Episcopal minister, he spent most of his life as a civil servant. His fame rests mainly on Lake Lyrics (1889), a volume of nature poetry. He also wrote historical novels and poetic dramas, and he edited the Oxford Book of Canadian Verse (1913).

Campbell, city (1990 pop. 36,048), Santa Clara co., W Calif., in the fertile Santa Clara valley; founded 1885, inc. 1952. The city's economy, formerly tied to fruit and vegetable processing, is now based on the computer industry.

(born , Dec. 21, 1811, Edinburgh, Scot.—died Dec. 3, 1882, Addington, Surrey, Eng.) English cleric. The son of Presbyterian parents, he became an Anglican while studying at the University of Oxford. In 1836 he became a deacon and for five years he was also a curate at two villages near Oxford. In 1842 he succeeded Thomas Arnold as headmaster of Rugby School, and in 1849 he became dean of Carlisle Cathedral. He became bishop of London in 1856; in that position he stressed reconciliation between evangelical churchmen and those who supported the Oxford movement. As archbishop of Canterbury (from 1868), he oversaw the disestablishment of the Anglican Church of Ireland and the passage of the Burials Act (1880), which allowed non-Anglican burial services in Anglican churchyards.

Learn more about Tait, Archibald C(ampbell) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Henry Campbell

(born Sept. 7, 1836, Glasgow, Scot.—died April 22, 1908, London, Eng.) British politician. A member of the House of Commons from 1868, he was elected leader of the Liberal Party in 1899 and served as prime minister (1905–08). His popularity unified his badly divided party. Though much of his legislative program was nullified by the House of Lords, he obtained approval of the Trades Disputes Act of 1906. He took the lead in granting self-government to the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony, thereby securing the Boers' loyalty to the British Empire.

Learn more about Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Beatrice Stella Tanner

(born Feb. 9, 1865, London, Eng.—died April 9, 1940, Pau, France) British actress. She married at age 19 and made her stage debut in 1888, winning fame as Paula in The Second Mrs. Tanqueray in 1893. She originated the role of Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1914), and she and Shaw conducted a famous correspondence for many years. She also achieved great success in Maurice Maeterlinck's Pelléas and Mélisande, Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts, and Sophocles' Electra. She made her film debut in Riptide (1933) at age 68 and later appeared in several more films.

Learn more about Campbell, Mrs. Patrick with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Avril Phaedra Campbell

(born March 10, 1947, Port Alberni, B.C., Can.) Prime minister of Canada (1993). She taught political science at the University of British Columbia and practiced law for two years before turning to politics. In 1988 she was elected to the federal parliament as a Progressive Conservative. Under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, she became minister for Indian affairs (1989), attorney general (1990), and defense minister (1993). Upon Mulroney's retirement in June 1993, she became Canada's first female prime minister and the first prime minister from the West Coast. Her tenure was brief; in November her party suffered a heavy defeat, and she resigned as party leader.

Learn more about Campbell, Kim with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born Oct. 18, 1927, Wise, Va., U.S.—died Sept. 22, 1999, Westlake Village, Calif.) U.S. actor. He served in the U.S. Marines before studying drama and journalism at the University of Missouri. He took numerous roles in television and repertory theatre productions before winning praise for his early film roles in Anatomy of a Murder (1959), The Hustler (1961), and Petulia (1968). He was noted for his strong screen presence and barking voice. He won an Academy Award for Patton (1970) but refused to accept it, calling the competition a “meat parade.” Among his later films were The Hospital (1972), Hardcore (1979), Taps (1981), and Malice (1993). His television work included The Price (1970, Emmy Award, also refused) and the role of Scrooge in A Christmas Carol (1984).

Learn more about Scott, George C(ampbell) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Henry Campbell

(born Sept. 7, 1836, Glasgow, Scot.—died April 22, 1908, London, Eng.) British politician. A member of the House of Commons from 1868, he was elected leader of the Liberal Party in 1899 and served as prime minister (1905–08). His popularity unified his badly divided party. Though much of his legislative program was nullified by the House of Lords, he obtained approval of the Trades Disputes Act of 1906. He took the lead in granting self-government to the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony, thereby securing the Boers' loyalty to the British Empire.

Learn more about Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Beatrice Stella Tanner

(born Feb. 9, 1865, London, Eng.—died April 9, 1940, Pau, France) British actress. She married at age 19 and made her stage debut in 1888, winning fame as Paula in The Second Mrs. Tanqueray in 1893. She originated the role of Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion (1914), and she and Shaw conducted a famous correspondence for many years. She also achieved great success in Maurice Maeterlinck's Pelléas and Mélisande, Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts, and Sophocles' Electra. She made her film debut in Riptide (1933) at age 68 and later appeared in several more films.

Learn more about Campbell, Mrs. Patrick with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Avril Phaedra Campbell

(born March 10, 1947, Port Alberni, B.C., Can.) Prime minister of Canada (1993). She taught political science at the University of British Columbia and practiced law for two years before turning to politics. In 1988 she was elected to the federal parliament as a Progressive Conservative. Under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, she became minister for Indian affairs (1989), attorney general (1990), and defense minister (1993). Upon Mulroney's retirement in June 1993, she became Canada's first female prime minister and the first prime minister from the West Coast. Her tenure was brief; in November her party suffered a heavy defeat, and she resigned as party leader.

Learn more about Campbell, Kim with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born , Dec. 21, 1811, Edinburgh, Scot.—died Dec. 3, 1882, Addington, Surrey, Eng.) English cleric. The son of Presbyterian parents, he became an Anglican while studying at the University of Oxford. In 1836 he became a deacon and for five years he was also a curate at two villages near Oxford. In 1842 he succeeded Thomas Arnold as headmaster of Rugby School, and in 1849 he became dean of Carlisle Cathedral. He became bishop of London in 1856; in that position he stressed reconciliation between evangelical churchmen and those who supported the Oxford movement. As archbishop of Canterbury (from 1868), he oversaw the disestablishment of the Anglican Church of Ireland and the passage of the Burials Act (1880), which allowed non-Anglican burial services in Anglican churchyards.

Learn more about Tait, Archibald C(ampbell) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Campbell is a city in Santa Clara County, California, part of Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of 2007 population estimates, Campbell's population is 39,200. Although not a major high-tech city like many of its neighbors, Campbell is the original home of eBay and of its creator, Pierre Omidyar.

Campbell is home to the Pruneyard Shopping Center, a sprawling open-air retail complex which was involved in a famous U.S. Supreme Court case that established the extent of the right to free speech in California. The larger of the associated Pruneyard Towers, built in 1970, was for many years the tallest building between San Francisco and Los Angeles. Today the Pruneyard Shopping Center is home to Democrat Mike Honda and the south bay offices of the FBI.

Geography

Campbell is located at (37.283909, -121.955026). It is bordered on the east and north by San Jose and on the south by Los Gatos. A narrow strip of San Jose separates Campbell on the west from Saratoga.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.8 km² (5.7 mi²). 14.5 km² (5.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water.

Of the total area, 1.75% is water, consisting of percolation ponds in Los Gatos Creek Park and in other locations; San Tomas Aquino Creek, which flows north on the west side of the city, is completely enclosed with fences and runs through concrete culverts; and Los Gatos Creek, which flows north-north-east on the east side of the city and has paths along both banks for hikers and joggers (locally called the "Par Course").

State Route 17 runs roughly parallel to Los Gatos Creek on its eastern side; State Route 85 runs roughly east-west through Los Gatos just south of Campbell and cuts through the southwest corner of the city.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 39,200 people, 15,920 households, and 9,122 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,624.8/km² (6,802.8/mi²). There were 16,286 housing units at an average density of 1,120.9/km² (2,905.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.78% White, 2.53% African American, 0.65% Native American, 14.16% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 4.87% from other races, and 4.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.33% of the population.

28.0% of the households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.02.

City the population was 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 40.2% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

About 48% of the adult population has at least one college-level degree. However, this has declined in recent years as a greater number of working-class immigrants move into the city.

The median income for a household in the city was $67,214, and the median income for a family was $78,663. Males had a median income of $52,454 versus $43,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,441. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

The average rainfall, based on the last nine years (1998-99 to 2006-07 rain season) of data, is 14.82 inches.

Politics

At the county level, Campbell is located entirely within the 4th supervisorial district, represented on the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors by Ken Yeager.

In the state legislature Campbell is located in the 11th Senate district, represented by Democrat Joe Simitian, and in the 24th Assembly district, represented by Democrat Jim Beall.

Federally, Campbell is located in California's 15th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D +14 and is represented by Democrat Mike Honda.

History

Campbell was founded by Benjamin Campbell, after whom the city was named. He came to California in 1846 with his father, William Campbell. William started a sawmill in Saratoga and surveyed the cities of San Jose and Santa Clara. In 1851, Benjamin bought in southern Santa Clara Valley and cultivated hay and grain on it. This area later became Campbell's historical downtown core.

About a third of Campbell was a part of the 1839 Alta California Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos land grant. The Northern extent of the granted land was along present-day Rincon Avenue and across the North end of John D. Morgan Park in central Campbell.

In 1878, Campbell sold his land for $5 an acre to a railroad company. By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands. The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center. The Campbell Fruit Growers' Union became a well-known cooperative with its 17 acre drying yard. J.C. Ainsley Packing Company, Hyde Cannery, and Payne Cannery were the main fruit packing companies. The Bank of Campbell was founded in 1895.

Campbell was officially incorporated as a city in 1952. The city then grew rapidly as orchard lands disappeared tract by tract. Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley.

Layout

Campbell is situated in the southern portion of the Santa Clara Valley, with Highway 17 passing through eastern Campbell and Highway 85 to its south. The historic downtown section sits just west of the railroad in the central area. The southwestern area of Campbell is known as the San Tomas neighborhood and varies somewhat from most of Campbell in the size of its lots and styles of housing. Hamilton Avenue is one the northernmost roads in Campbell.

The largest park in Campbell is Los Gatos Creek Park near Highway 17, and the second largest is John D. Morgan Park.

Transportation

Campbell is served by several major roads, including State Route 17, State Route 85 and San Tomas Expressway (Santa Clara County Route G4). Major local arterial roads include Winchester Boulevard and Bascom Avenue.

Public transport in Campbell is operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and includes several local and express bus lines that link the community to nearby towns, including Cupertino, Los Gatos, Palo Alto San Jose, Santa Clara and Saratoga. Additionally, the town is served by three light rail stations on the Mountain View - Winchester line, including Hamilton Station, Downtown Campbell Station, and the line's terminus at Winchester Station. These stations were opened as part of the first phase of the Vasona Light Rail project; the line will be extended past Winchester to Vasona Junction in Los Gatos once funding is secured. That line is now served by buses.

The extension was the subject of a minor dispute with the Federal Railroad Administration over the sounding of train horns late at night. This dispute delayed the opening of most of the extension for two months before the grand opening on October 1, 2005.

Housing and businesses

There are few large shopping centers or business complexes in the city, as Campbell is primarily a suburban residential area. Fry's Electronics and The Home Depot each have stores within the city limits and are two of the city's largest employers.

Most residences are single-family homes, although there are some areas with condominiums, duplexes, and apartments. Single-family homes typically have one or two bathrooms and three or four bedrooms and are between and on lots typically measuring about . The vast majority were built in the 1950s through 1970s. There are pockets of older homes, mostly near downtown, often in demand for their architectural styles. There are also pockets of newer, much larger homes about , mostly built in the 1990s on subdivided lots previously occupied by homes dating from the first half of the 20th century. Most of Campbell's apartments are located in northern Campbell on Hamilton and Campbell Avenues.

Campbell's downtown is located near where Campbell Avenue intersects with the railroad. The downtown has many shops, bars, and restaurants.

The oldest commercial building in the city was erected in 1920, originally for the Grower's Bank. The building was converted to a movie theater in 1938, which closed in 1953. In 1968, The Gaslighter Theater company purchased and refurbished the building with a small stage and bar. The Gaslighter produced melodramas and Vaudeville-style shows there until it closed in 2006. The building was sold and is currently undergoing refurbishment to become a lounge.

As of October 2006, the median price of single-family homes and condos was $707,500, up 4.8% from the previous October, and averaging $472 per square foot ($5,080/m²) according to the San Jose Mercury News; the average single-family home price, excluding condos, was $645,000 in January, 2004 (according to the Santa Clara County Association of Realtors). The price is based largely on the land value; the replacement cost for homes is about $150 to $200 per square foot ($1,600 to $2,200/m²).

Like many other cities in the Santa Clara Valley, Campbell was originally orchard land that was later developed into housing tracts. A few small orchards remain, though their numbers continue to dwindle rapidly as they are converted to housing and shopping.

Points of interest

In the early 1990s, the Ainsley House, a unique English Tudor-style house built in the 1930s, was moved from its original site at the corner of Hamilton and Bascom Avenues (the current site of eBay's headquarters) to the downtown quad and furnished with many of the Ainsley family's original furnishings. It has become the centerpiece for the Campbell Historical Museum, which houses additional exhibits in the nearby old firehouse. The Ainsley House was built in the style of English country cottages for John Colpitts Ainsley, a canning pioneer in Santa Clara County, which was at the time known for its vast spreads of fruit orchards.

The Campbell Community Center is located on the northwest corner of Winchester and Campbell Avenues, in the building that used to be Campbell High School, the original school in the Campbell Union High School District. The Redwood Tree, which stands at the corner of Winchester Boulevard and Campbell Avenue was originally planted there on May 11, 1903 by then President, Teddy Roosevelt. The city acquired the property on August 1, 1985, three years after the school shut down. The Heritage Theater, formerly the high school's auditorium, was reopened after renovations in 2004. The Community Center holds classes, and portions are available to be rented for various events.

Campbell was also the site of the 1896 spree-killing by James Dunham.

In 1975, Mayor Rusty Hammer, at 21, became the youngest mayor ever in the United States.

The fruit cocktail was invented in Campbell.

Lars Frederiksen, singer and guitarist for the punk band Rancid, grew up in Campbell and frequently mentions the town in songs by both Rancid and his side project Lars Frederiksen & The Bastards.

Notable residents

• Dave Meltzer, editor and owner of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter
• Don Hahn, baseball outfielder; played for the Montreal Expos, New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, and San Diego Padres in the late 1960s to mid-1970s
• Sylvia Browne, psychic, spiritualist, author
• Lars Frederiksen of Rancid, Lars Frederiksen & The Bastards
• Craig Morton, quarterback for Denver Broncos
• Joe Staley, right tackle for the San Francisco 49ers

References

External links

• Official city web site
• Campbell Community Center
• Downtown Campbell
• Campbell Gas Prices