CSS Beaufort

The CSS Beaufort was an iron hull gunboat that served in North Carolina and Virginia during the Civil War.

The Beaufort was originally called the Caledonia. She was built at the Pusey & Jones Company of Wilmington, Delaware in 1854. The Caledonia originally operated out of Edenton, North Carolina. In 1856 her home port changed from Edenton to Plymouth. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, the Caledonia, now renamed Beaufort, was put in commission at Norfolk, Virginia on July 9, 1861 by Lieutenant Robert C. Duvall, North Carolina Navy, and sailed immediately for New Bern, North Carolina. While en route she engaged the large steamer USS Albatross in an inconclusive battle off Oregon Inlet.

After North Carolina seceded, Beaufort was turned over to the Confederate States Navy, and on September 9 Lieutenant William Harwar Parker, CSN, was placed in command. Thereafter she participated in the battles of Roanoke Island on February 7-8, 1862, and Elizabeth City, North Carolina 2 days later. Escaping via the Dismal Swamp Canal to Norfolk, she was tender to CSS Virginia off Hampton Roads on March 8-9, 1862. The Confederate Congress tendered thanks to the officers and crew for their gallantry during the action.

From May 1862, Beaufort operated on the James River, her commander in November 1863 being Lieutenant William Sharp, CSN. Beaufort served until the evacuation of Richmond, Virginia on April 3, 1865 when she was taken into the United States Navy. She was sold September 15, 1865. On October 31, 1865 she was redocumented as the Roanoke, and in 1878 converted into a barge. Her ultimate fate is unknown.

Commanders

• Lieutenant William Harwar Parker (1862)
• Lieutenant William Sharp (October 1863)
• Lieutenant Edward J. Means (November 1863-June 1864)
• Lieutenant J. M. Gardner (June 1864)
• Lieutenant William Pinckney Mason (October 1864)
• Lieutenant Joseph W. Alexander (December 19, 1864-February 1865)
• Lieutenant George Henry Arledge (in charge February 12, 1865-)

References

• Alexander Crosby Brown, Notes on the Origins of Iron Shipbuilding in the United States, 1825-1861, Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1951.
• Records of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Certificates of Enrollments issued at North Carolina Ports 1815-1911, Abstracts, Record Group 41, National Archives, Washington, DC.
• William Parker, Recollections of a Naval Officer, Naval Institute Press, 1985.
• William Lytle & Forrest Holdcamper, Merchant Steam Vessels of the United States, 1790-1868, Steamship Historical Society, New York, 1975.