Bone grafting

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Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone with material from the patient's own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. Bone grafting is used to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.

The most common use of bone grafting is in the use of dental implants to replace a missing tooth. Dental implants require bones underneath them for support and to have the implant integrate properly into the mouth. People who have been edentulous (without teeth) for a prolonged period bone may not have enough bone in the right places. In this case, bone can be taken from the chin or from the pilot holes for the implants or even from the illiac crest of the pelvis and inserted into the mouth underneath the new implant.

Tissue source

Autologous bone is typically harvested from intra-oral sources as the chin or extra-oral sourses as the iliac crest of the pelvis.

Allograft bone from cadavers or live donors may also be used. Allograft is typically sourced from a bone bank.

Grafts may be made from hydroxylapatite, a naturally occurring mineral that is also the main mineral component of bone.

Synthetic grafts may be made from bioactive glass. Hydroxylapetite is called Synthetic Bone Graft it is the most used now among other synthetic due to its osteoconduction , hareness and acceptability by bone there are also calcium carbonate which start to decrease in usage because it is completly resorbable in short time which make the bone easly to break again finaly used is the tricalcium phosphate which now used in compination with hydroxylapetite thus give both effect osteoconduction and resorbsbility.

Bone grafting

Tissue source

See also