Blackburn

Blackburn, Elizabeth Helen, 1948-, Australian-American molecular biologist, b. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Ph.D. Cambridge, 1975. Blackburn was a professor at the Univ. of California, Berkeley, from 1978 to 1990, when she transferred to California's San Francisco campus. She shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jack Szostak and Carol Greider for solving the problem of how chromosomes make complete copies of themselves during cell division and how they protect themselves against degradation during this process. The researchers demonstrated that the ends of the chromosomes, called as telomeres, are responsible. With Greider, Blackburn identified and characterized telomerase, the enzyme that forms telomeres. With Szostak, she discovered that a unique DNA sequence in the telomeres protects the chromosomes from degradation. The work of the three researchers increased understanding of cell replication and shed light on disease mechanisms, stimulating the development of potential new disease therapies.

Blackburn, Joseph, b. c.1700, d. after 1765, American portrait painter. Little is known concerning him except that from 1750 to 1765 he painted portraits (usually signed J.B.), chiefly of members of distinguished families in Boston and Portsmouth, N.H. Imitating the English rococo style, he painted portraits of Col. Theodore Atkinson (Worcester Art Mus.); three members of the Greenleaf family (Metropolitan Mus.); and the Isaac Winslow Family (Mus. of Fine Arts, Boston).

Blackburn, city (1991 pop. 109,564) and district, Lancashire, NW England. It was formerly a great cotton-weaving center, noted especially for calicoes. Textiles are still important; other industries produce engineering equipment, electronic components, beer, felt, and carpets. Blackburn is also an agricultural market. The city's textile industry started very early—Blackburn checks (a linen product made of Irish flax) were well known about the middle of the 17th cent. When James Hargreaves invented (c.1765) the spinning jenny nearby, the manufacture of cotton goods received a new impetus. The completion of the Leeds-Blackburn-Liverpool Canal in 1816 substantially aided Blackburn's 19th-century economic growth. The English statesman John Morley was born in Blackburn.

Blackburn is a town in Pawnee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 102 at the 2000 census.

Geography

Blackburn is located at (36.371655, -96.596497). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.8 km²), of which, 0.3 square miles (0.8 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (6.25%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 102 people, 41 households, and 25 families residing in the town. The population density was 342.2 people per square mile (131.3/km²). There were 59 housing units at an average density of 197.9/sq mi (75.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 88.24% White, 8.82% Native American, and 2.94% from two or more races.

There were 41 households out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, and 39.0% were non-families. 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 24.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the town the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 85.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $12,000, and the median income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $5,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,668. There were 28.6% of families and 34.7% of the population living below the poverty line, including 40.9% of under eighteens and 38.5% of those over 64.

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