Alveolar_lateral_approximant

Alveolar lateral approximant

The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is l, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l.

Features

Features of the alveolar lateral approximant:

  • Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
  • Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue — termed respectively apical and laminal — against the alveolar ridge.
  • Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
  • It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz мгьал [mgʲal] 'bread'
Arabic Standard صلاة [sˤɑˈlaːh] 'prayer/salat'
Chechen лам /lam [laːm] 'mountain'
Dutch leven 'to live' See Dutch phonology
English let 'let' See English phonology
Finnish illalla 'at evening' See Finnish phonology
French lune 'moon' See French phonology
Georgian ჰავა [ludi] 'beer'
German Liebe 'love' See German phonology
Greek καλόγερος 'monk' See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian elem 'battery' See Hungarian phonology
Italian letto 'bed' See Italian phonology
Mandarin /lǎo [lao˨˩˦] 'old' See Standard Mandarin
Ngwe Njoagwi dialect 'eye'
Norwegian liv [liːv] 'life' See Norwegian phonology
Pashto لس [ləs] 'ten'
Polish pole 'field' See Polish phonology
Portuguese Brazilian lua 'moon' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian alună [aˈlu.nə] 'hazelnut' See Romanian phonology
Spanish hablar [aˈβ̞laɾ] 'to speak' See Spanish phonology
Swedish allt [alt] 'everything' See Swedish phonology
Tamil புலி [puli] 'tiger' See Tamil phonology
Vietnamese lu 'fuzzy; dim' See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

Bibliography

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