• In anatomy:
• Pulmonary alveolus, an air sac in the lungs
• Alveolar gland
• Dental alveolus, also known as "tooth socket", a socket in the jaw that holds the roots of teeth. The following anatomical terms refer to this context.
• Alveolar ridge, the jaw structure that contains the dental alveoli
• Alveolar canals
• arteries
• Superior alveolar artery
• Anterior superior alveolar artery
• Posterior superior alveolar artery
• Inferior alveolar artery
• nerves
• Anterior superior alveolar nerve
• Middle superior alveolar nerve
• Inferior alveolar nerve

• In medicine:
• Alveolar soft part sarcoma

• In linguistics:
• Alveolar consonant, a linguistic vocalization depending upon touching tongue to alveolar ridge. (Note: There are 16 subtypes of alveolar consonants linked from the target page and not listed separately here.)
• Alveolar plosive (disambiguation page)

Alveolus is considered by some (but not all) sources to be synonymous with acinus.