In 1520, he began military campaigns to dominate the northern part of Sumatra. His first campaign was to Daya, on the northwest coast, which, according to Tomé Pires, had not yet been Islamized. Further conquests extended down the east coast, incorporating several pepper- and gold-producing regions. The addition of such production centers ultimately led to internal tensions within the sultanate, as Aceh's strength was as a trading port, whose economic interests necessarily vary from those of producing ports.
Later attacks included the states of Deli and Aru. The first included the conquest of Pedir and Pasai, the conquest of which involved the expulsion of a Portuguese garrison. In the attack on Aru of 1524, his armies defeated a Portuguese fleet. These military actions challenged both the sea power of Portugal and the holdings of the Sultanate of Johor on Sumatra.
Upon his death in 1530, he was succeeded by his son, Salahuddin, who did not share his military abilities.
References
- M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994, pages 32-33.
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