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5 (number)
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Wikipedia
This article discusses the number five. For the year 5 AD, see 5. For other uses of 5, see 5 (disambiguation).
5
Cardinal 5
five
Ordinal 5th
fifth
Numeral system quinary
Factorization prime
Divisors 1, 5
Roman numeral V
Roman numeral (Unicode) Ⅴ, ⅴ
Arabic ٥
Arabic (Urdu) ۵
Ge'ez
Bengali
Chinese numeral 五,伍
Devanāgarī
Hebrew ה (He)
Khmer
Thai
prefixes penta-/pent- (from Greek) quinque-/quinqu-/quint- (from Latin)
Binary 101
Octal 5
Duodecimal 5
Hexadecimal 5
Vigesimal 5

5 (five) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 4 and preceding 6.

Mathematics

Five is between 4 and 6 and is the third prime number, after 2 and 3, and before 7. Because it can be written as 2^(2^1)+1, five is classified as a Fermat prime. 5 is the third Sophie Germain prime, the first safe prime, and the third Mersenne prime exponent. Five is the first Wilson prime and the third factorial prime, also an alternating factorial. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n - 1. It is also the only number that is part of more than one pair of twin primes.

Five is conjectured to be the only odd untouchable number.

The number 5 is the 5th Fibonacci number, being 2 plus 3. 5 is also a Pell number and a Markov number, appearing in solutions to the Markov Diophantine equation: (1, 2, 5), (1, 5, 13), (2, 5, 29), (5, 13, 194), (5, 29, 433), ... (lists Markov numbers that appear in solutions where one of the other two terms is 5). Whereas 5 is unique in the Fibonacci sequence, in the Perrin sequence 5 is both the fifth and sixth Perrin numbers.

5 and 6 form a Ruth-Aaron pair under either definition.

There are five solutions to Znám's problem of length 6.

Five is the second Sierpinski number of the first kind, and can be written as S2=(2^2)+1

While polynomial equations of degree 4 and below can be solved with radicals, equations of degree 5 and higher cannot generally be so solved. This is the Abel-Ruffini theorem. This is related to the fact that the symmetric group Sn is a solvable group for n ≤ 4 and not solvable for n ≥ 5.

While all graphs with 4 or fewer vertices are planar, there exists a graph with 5 vertices which is not planar: K5, the complete graph with 5 vertices.

Five is also the number of Platonic solids.

A polygon with five sides is a pentagon. Figurate numbers representing pentagons (including five) are called pentagonal numbers. Five is also a square pyramidal number.

Five is the only prime number to end in the digit 5, because all other numbers written with a 5 in the ones-place under the decimal system are multiples of five. As a consequence of this, 5 is in base 10 a 1-automorphic number.

Vulgar fractions with 5 or 2 in the denominator do not yield infinite decimal expansions, as is the case with most primes, because they are prime factors of ten, the base. When written in the decimal system, all multiples of 5 will end in either 5 or 0.

There are five Exceptional Lie groups.

Numbering systems

List of basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 50 100 1000
5 times x 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 250 500 5000

Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
5 div x 5 2.5 1.overline{6} 1.25 1 0.8overline{3} 0.overline{7}1428overline{5} 0.625 0.overline{5} 0.5 0.overline{4}overline{5} 0.41overline{6} 0.overline{3}8461overline{5} 0.3overline{5}7142overline{8} 0.overline{3}
x div 5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3

Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
5 ^ x, 5 25 125 625 3125 15625 78125 390625 1953125 9765625 48828125 244140625 1220703125
x ^ 5, 1 32 243 1024 3125 7776 16807 32768 59049 100000 161051 248832 371293

Evolution of the glyph

The evolution of our modern glyph for five cannot be neatly traced back to the Brahmin Indians quite the same way it can for 1 to 4. Later on the Kushana and Gupta Indians had among themselves several different glyphs which bear no resemblance to the modern glyph. The Nagari and Punjabi took these glyphs and all came up with glyphs that look like a lowercase "h" rotated 180°. The Ghubar Arabs transformed the glyph in several different ways, coming up with glyphs that look more like 4s or 3s than 5s. It was from those characters that the Europeans finally came up with the modern 5, though from purely graphical evidence, it would be much easier to conclude that our modern 5 came from the Khmer. The Khmer glyph develops from the Kushana/Ândhra/Gupta numeral, its shape looking like a modern day version with an extended swirled 'tail' [G Ifrah, The Universal History of Numbers ]

While the shape of the 5 character has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in .

Science

Astronomy

Religion and culture

Music

Sports

Technology

Miscellaneous fields

Five is:

References

gan:5 ko:5 ja:5 th:5 zh-yue:5 zh:5

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