520s BC
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- 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule. He is son of Cyrus II. He conquered Egypt and Cyprus.
- 528 BC — Gautama Buddha attained Enlightenment, and began his ministry.
- 526 BC — Psammetichus III succeeds Amasis II as king of Egypt.
- 526 BC — King Liao of Wu ascends to power in the State of Wu in China during the Zhou Dynasty.
- 525 BC — Cambyses II, ruler of Persia, conquers Egypt, defeating Psammetichus III. This is considered the end of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, and the start of the Twenty-seventh Dynasty.
- c. 525 BC — Coins started to have an image on two sides.
- 522 BC — Smerdis succeeds Cambyses II as ruler of Persia.
- 522 BC — Babylon rebels against Persian rule.
- 521 BC — Darius I succeeds Smerdis as ruler of Persia. He is son of a government official.
- 521 BC — The Babylonian rebellion against Persian rule is suppressed.
- 520 BC — Zhou dao wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the end of the year.
- 520 BC — Cleomenes I succeeds Anaxandridas as king of Sparta. (approximate date).
- c. 520 BC — Kore, from Chios(?), is made. It is now at Acropolis Museum, Athens.
- 520 BC–510 BC — The Priam Painter makes Women at a fountain house, black-figure decoration on a hydria. It is now at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Significant people
Births
- 520 BC - Leonidas I. King of Sparta
- 525 BC — Aeschylus, author of Greek tragedies (d. 456 BC)
- 522 BC — Pindar, Greek poet
- 520 BC — Panini, Hindu Indian grammarian (d. 460 BC)
Deaths
- July, 529 BC — Cyrus the Great, ruler of ancient Persia
- 527 BC — Mahavira, major Jain reformist (b. 599 BC)
- 527 BC — Peisistratus, Athenian tyrant
- 525 BC — Anaximenes of Miletus, Greek philosopher (b. 585 BC)
- 525 BC — Psammetichus III, the last Pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
- 522 BC — Cambyses II, ruler of ancient Persia (suicide)
- October, 521 BC — Smerdis, ruler of ancient Persia
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