509–500 BC

Events and trends

• September 13, 509 BC — The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
• 509 BC–27 BC — Republican period in Rome.
• 508 BC — Office of pontifex maximus created in Rome.
• 508 BC — Cleisthenes reorganizes Athens. He creates the deme, a local unit to serve as the basis of his political system. Citizenship is tightly linked to the deme, for each deme keeps the roll of those within its jurisdiction, who are admitted to citizenship. He groups all the demes into 10 tribes, which thus form the link between the demes and the central government. The central government includes an assembly of all citizens and a new council of 500 members.
• 507 BC — Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power and increases democracy.
• 506 BC — Battle of Boju: The forces of the State of Wu under commander and strategist Sun Tzu defeat the forces of Chu in Zhou Dynasty China, destroying the Chu capital of Ying and causing King Jing of Zhou to flee.
• 505 BC — First pair of Roman consuls elected.
• December 4, 502 BC — Solar eclipse darkens Egypt. (computed by modern astronomers, no clear historical record of observation exists)
• 502 BC — The Latin League defeats the Etruscans under Lars Porsena at Aricia.
• 502 BC — Naxos rebels against Persian domination sparking the Ionian Revolt.
• 501 BC — Cleisthenes reforms democracy in Athens.
• 501 BC — Naxos is attacked by the Persian Empire.
• 501 BC — In response to threats by the Sabines, Rome creates the office of dictator.
• 501 BC — Confucius is appointed governor of Chung-tu.
• 501 BC — Gadir (present-day Cádiz) is captured by Carthage. (approximate date)
• 500 BC — Bantu-speaking people migrate into south-west Uganda from the west. (approximate date)
• 500 BC — Refugees from Teos resettle Abdera.
• 500 BC — Darius I of Persia proclaims that Aramaic be the official language of the western half of his empire.
• 500 BC — Signifies the end of the Nordic Bronze Age civilization in Oscar Montelius periodization system and begins the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
• 500 BC — Foundation of first republic in Vaishali Bihar India.
• 500 BC — World population: 100,000,000
• c. 500 BC — Vulca makes Apollo of Veii, from Portonaccio Temple. It is now kept at Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome.
• The Gutaii tribe began around this time, in Middle and Southern Africa.

Significant people

• c. 500 BC — Heraclitus, Greek philosopher
• Siddharta Gautama
• c. 585–501 BC — Pythagoras, mathematician

References