1899

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Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).

Although this year is often held to be the last of the nineteenth century, 1900 is technically the last year according to the "traditional" reckoning.

Events of 1899

January - March

January 1

End of Spanish rule in Cuba.
Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City.

January 6 - Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
January 10 - Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity is founded at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois.
January 17 - United States takes possession of Wake Island.

January 19 - Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed.
January 21 - Opel Motors opens for business.
January 22 - The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
February 2 - The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne agrees Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
February 4 - Philippine-American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
February 6 - Spanish-American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.

February 12-14 - Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida. It is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
February 14 - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
February 16 - Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur established. The first football club in Iceland.
March 1 - In Afghanistan Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
March 2 - In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
March 4 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 m wave that reaches up to 5 km inland - over 300 dead.

March 6

Felix Hoffmann patents Aspirin.
Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.

March 8 - Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899, prequel for Eintracht Frankfurt is founded
March 20 - At Sing Sing, Martha M. Place becomes the first woman executed in an electric chair.

April - June

June 12 - A tornado completely destroys the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200
June 22–June 27 - the highest ever recorded cricket score, 628 not out, is made by A. E. J. Collins.
June 25 - Three Denver, Colorado newspapers publish a story that the Chinese government under the Guangxu Emperor is going to demolish the Great Wall of China - later proved to be a fabrication.
June 27 The paperclip was first patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor.

June 30 - Mile-a-Minute Murphy earned his famous nickname this day after he became the first man to ride a bicycle for one mile in under a minute on Long Island.

July - September

July 17

America's first juvenile court is established in Chicago.
NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
The French Bretonnet-Braun mission is destroyed in the battle of Togbao, in Chad, by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr.
Actor James Cagney is born.

July 19 - The Newsboys Strike takes place when the Newsies of New York, USA go on strike (strike lasts until August 2).
July 29 - The First Peace Conference ends with the signing of the Hague Convention.
August 3 - The John Marshall Law School was founded in Chicago, Illinois.
August 28 - 122 houses, smelting factory, hospital, many facilities destroyed on hill, cause by heavy rain with debris blow, at Sumitomo Besshi bronze mine erea, Niihama, Shikoku, Japan, at least 512 killed.
September 13 - Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m - 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
September 19 - Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned.

October - December

October 11 - Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
October 30 - Augusta, KY Augusta High School Building is completed. Augusta Methodist College shuts down.
November 4 - Alpha Sigma Tau Sorority is founded in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
November 8 - The Bronx Zoo opens.
November 16 - Lithuanian doctor, poet, and national hero Vincas Kudirka dies of tuberculosis at age 40.
November 29 - F.C. Barcelona, one of the most successful football clubs in the world, is founded.
December 2 - Philippine-American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.

During the new moon on December 2-3, 1899, a near-grand conjunction of the classical planets and several binocular Solar System bodies occurred. The Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn were all within 15° of each other, with Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15° behind. Accompanying the classical planets in this grand conjunction were Uranus (technically visible unaided in pollution-free skies), Ceres and Pallas.

December 16 - A.C. Milan, one of the most successful football clubs in the world, is founded.
December 16 - Augusta, KY Augusta High School burns down due to a heating plant failure.
December 26 - Battle of Mafeking begins.
December 31 - A large standing stone at Stonehenge falls over, the last time this has happened.

Undated

David Hilbert creates the modern concept of geometry with the publication of his book Grundlagen der geometrie.
International Council of Nurses is founded.
San Pellegrino is first bottled.
The significance of oracle bones is discovered.
Kmart is founded.
The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Manteo, which was originally laid out as the Dare county seat in 1870.
Scott Joplin composes Maple Leaf Rag, known as one of the most famous ragtime pieces of all time.

Births

January - June

January 1 - Jack Beresford, British olympic rower (d.1977)
January 6 - Heinrich Nordhoff, German automotive engineer, managing director of Volkswagen (d. 1968)
January 7 - Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
January 11 - Eva LeGallienne, English actress (d. 1991)
January 12 - Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
January 15 - Goodman Ace, American actor, comedian, and writer (d. 1982)
January 17

Al Capone, American gangster (d. 1947)
Nevil Shute, English author (d. 1960)

January 20 - Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese development of television (d. 1990)
January 21 - John Bodkin Adams, suspected British serial killer (d. 1983)
January 30 - Max Theiler, South African virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
February 3

Doris Speed, British actress (d. 1994)
Lao She, Chinese author (d. 1966)

February 6 - Ramón Novarro, Mexican actor (d. 1968)
February 7 - Earl Whitehill, baseball player (d. 1954)
February 15

Georges Auric, French composer (d. 1983)
Gale Sondergaard, American actress (d. 1985)

February 17 - Leo Najo, baseball player (d. 1978)
February 22

George O'Hara, American actor (d. 1966)
Dechko Uzunov, Bulgarian painter (d. 1986)
Ian Clunies Ross, Australian scientist, first chairman of CSIRO(d. 1959)

February 23 - Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
February 26

Alec Campbell, Australian solider who fought in the Battle of Gallipoli (d. 2002)
Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1994)

February 27 - Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (d. 1978)
March 11 - King Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
March 13 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
March 18 - Jean Goldkette, French-born musician (d. 1962)
March 24 - Dorothy C. Stratton, director of the SPARS during World War II (d. 2006)
March 27 - Gloria Swanson, American actress (d. 1983)
March 28 - Harold B. Lee, eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1973)
March 29 - Lavrenty Beria, Soviet official (d. 1953)
April 1 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian fascist leader (d. 1968)
April 7 - Robert Casadesus, French pianist (d. 1972)
April 21 - Percy Lavon Julian, American scientist (d. 1975)
April 22 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (d. 1977)
April 23 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
April 24 - Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (d. 1986)
April 27 - Walter Lantz, animator (d. 1994)
April 29 - Duke Ellington, American jazz musician, bandleader (d. 1974)
May 8 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
May 10

Fred Astaire, American singer, dancer, and actor (d. 1987)
Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (d. 1979)

May 12 - Indra Devi, Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. 2002)
May 15 - Jean-Etienne Valluy, French general (d. 1970)
May 24 - Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (d. 1938)
June 1 - Edward Charles Titchmarsh, British mathematician (d. 1963)
June 2 - Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (d. 1981)
June 3 - Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
June 12 - Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
June 13 - Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)
June 14 - Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
June 27 - Juan Trippe, airline entrepreneur and pioneer, Pan Am founder (d. 1981)
June 30 - Harry Shields, American jazz clarinettist (d. 1971)

July - December

July 5 - Marcel Achard, French play and scriptwriter (d. 1974)
July 7 - George Cukor, American film director (d. 1983)
July 10 - John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
July 11 - E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
July 15 - Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
July 17 - James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
July 21

Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)

July 22 - King Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)
August 4 - Ezra Taft Benson, thirteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1994)
August 13 - Alfred Hitchcock, British film director (d. 1980)
August 24

Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (d. 1986)
Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1983)

August 29 -

Lyman Lemnitzer, American general (d. 1988)
Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter (d. 1991)
August 30 - Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer, was active from the 1920s through the 1980s (d.1994)

September 1 - Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, Russian-born writer of the Soviet period (d. 1951)
September 3 - Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
September 9

Brassaï, French photographer (d. 1984)
Waite Hoyt, baseball player (d. 1984)

September 13 - Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
September 21 - Frederick Coutts, the 8th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1986)
October 1 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
October 3 - Gertrude Berg, American actress (d. 1966)
October 19 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
October 20 - Evelyn Brent, American actress (d. 1975)
November 15

Avdy Andresson, Estonian Minister of War in Exile (d. 1990)
Iskander Mirza, first President of Pakistan (d. 1969)

November 17 - Douglas Shearer, film sound engineer (d. 1971)
November 18 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (d. 1985)
November 21 - Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)
December 2 - John Barbirolli, English conductor (d. 1970)
December 3 - Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
December 9 - Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (d. 1937)
December 15 - Harold Abrahams, British athlete (d. 1978)
December 16 - Noel Coward, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1973)
December 18 - Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian author and philosopher (d. 1990)
December 25 - Humphrey Bogart, American actor (d. 1957)
December 28 - Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (d. 1943)
December 29 - Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist military leader (d. 1992)
date unknown - Friedrich Panse, German psychiatrist (d. 1973)

Deaths

January - June

January 23 - Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (b. 1831)
February 6

Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1831)
Prince Alfred of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (b. 1874)

February 16 - Félix Faure, President of France (b. 1841)
February 25 - Paul Julius Reuter, German-born news agency founder (b. 1816)
March 3 - William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
March 6 - Princess Kaiulani of Hawaii, Last monarch of Hawaii. (b. 1875)
April 5 - T. E. Ellis, Welsh politician (b. 1859)
June 3 - Johann Strauss, Jr., Austrian composer (b. 1825)
June 10 - Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)

July - December

July 18 - Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)
July 21 - Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician (b. 1833)
August 16 - Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
September 12 - Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (b. 1843)
September 17 - Charles Alfred Pillsbury, industrialist (b. 1842)
October 2 - Percy Pilcher, aviation pioneer & glider pilot, (b. 1866)
October 30 - William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1816)
November 21 - Garret A. Hobart, 24th Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)
November 23 - Thomas Henry Ismay, White Star Line flag purchaser, and some say the founder.
November 24 - Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Sudanese political and religious leader (killed in battle) (b. 1846)
December 10 - King Ngwane V of Swaziland (b. 1876)
December 22 - Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (b. 1837)

Notes

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