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1800

Year - of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, February 28, 1800, but 12 days ahead since Saturday, March 1, 1800.

Events of 1800

World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:

Africa: 107,000,000
Asia: 635,000,000

China:300-400,000,000

Europe: 203,000,000
Latin-America: 24,000,000
Northern America: 7,000,000
Oceania: 2,000,000

January - March

February 13 - The Bank of France is founded.
March 14 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope.
March 20 - Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society.

April - June

April - Voting begins in the United States presidential election, 1800; it will last until October. The result is not announced until February 1801.
April 24 - The U.S. Library of Congress is founded.
May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom (to take effect on 1 January 1801). The act is signed by King George III in August.
May 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy.
June 2 - First smallpox vaccination is made in North America, at Trinity, Newfoundland.
June 14 - Battle of Marengo: Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.

July - September

September 5 - At the invitation of the Maltese, British troops liberate the Islands of Malta and Gozo from the French.
September 20 - The Treaty of Mortefontaine is signed between France, Britain, and the United States of America, ending the Quasi-War.
September 30 - Convention of 1800 is signed.

October - December

November 1

U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
Middlebury College is granted its charter by the Vermont General Assembly.

November 17 - The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.
December 3 - Battle of Hohenlinden: the French army defeats German troops.
December 24

An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris.
Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.

Undated

The infrared radiation is discovered by William Herschel.
Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.
The Althing of Iceland, the world's oldest parliament, is dissolved, to be restored 3 years later.
Downing College, Cambridge is founded after a legal action in the Court of Chancery to enforce the will of Sir George Browning, 3rd Baronet.
A "Steamer on wheels" appeares in the USA.

Ongoing events

French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign

Births

January-June

January 1 - Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (d. 1857)
January 6 - Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (d. 1889)
January 7 - Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (d. 1874)
January 11 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, the inventor of the Dynamo (d.1895)
January 12 - George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat and statesman (d. 1870)
January 14 - Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1877)
January 17 - Caleb Cushing, American statesman and diplomat (d. 1879)
January 24 - Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer (d. 1890 or did he?)
January 26

Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (d. 1884)
Elizabeth Ann Whitney, Mormon leader (d. 1882)

January 27 - John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (d. 1875)
February 1 - Brian Houghton Hodgson, English civil servant (d. 1894)
February 6 - Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (d. 1857)
February 9

Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (d. 1844)
Joseph von Führich, Austrian painter (d. 1876)

February 11 - William Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (d. 1877)
February 12 - John Edward Gray, British zoologist (d. 1875)
February 23 - William Jardine, Scottish naturalist (d. 1874)
February 26

Lucius Lyon, U.S. statesman (d. 1851)
John Baptist Purcell, U.S. (Irish-born) archbishop (d. 1883)

March 2 - Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (d. 1844)
March 3 - Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (d. 1862)
March 4 - William Price, British physician and eccentric (d. 1893)

Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (d. 1869)
George Hudson, English railway financier (d. 1871)

March 12 - Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (d. 1885)
March 13 - Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Turkish statesman and diplomat
March 16 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (d. 1846)
March 17 - Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman and mystic (d. 1862)
March 20 - Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist and literary historian (d. 1875)
March 25

Alexis Paulin Paris, French scholar and author (d. 1881)
Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and mineralogist (d. 1889)

March 28 - Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (d. 1832)
April 2 - Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1874)
April 4 - Tokugawa Nariaki, Japanese daimyo of Mito (d. 1860)
April 15 - James Clark Ross, British naval officer and explorer (d. 1862)
April 16

Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (d. 1879)
George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (d. 1888)

April 29 - Hiram Cronk, last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (d. 1905)
May 1 - James Black, creator of the original Bowie knife (d. 1870)
May 4 - John McLeod Campbell, Scottish churchman (d. 1872)
May 5 - Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (d. 1864)
May 6 - Roman Sanguszko, Polish noble (d. 1881)
May 8 - Armand Carrel, French writer (d. 1836)
May 9

John Brown, American abolitionist (d. 1859)
Samuel Carter Hall, English journalist (d. 1889)

May 30 - Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (d. 1827)
June 1 - Charles Fremantle, Royal Navy officer (d. 1869)
June 2 - Nicholas P. Trist, secretary to Andrew Jackson (d. 1874)
June 3 - Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist (d. 1860)
June 17 - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (d. 1867)
June 23 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (d. 1846)
June 30 - Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1873)

July - December

July 14 - Jean-Baptiste Dumas, French chemist (d. 1884)
July 19 - Juan José Flores, first president of Ecuador (d. 1864)
July 22

Jakob Lorber, German Christian mystic (d. 1864)
Robert McCormick, British Royal Navy surgeon (d. 1890)

July 31

Robert L. Caruthers, Confederate governor of Tennessee (d. 1882)
Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (d. 1882)

August 4 - Hercules L. Dousman, American trader and financier (d. 1868)
August 5 - Ramón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia, Spanish soldier and statesman (d. 1868)
August 10 - Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer (d. 1890)
August 12

Jean-Jacques Ampère, French philologist (d. 1864)
Ugo Bassi, Italian patriot (d. 1849)

August 13 - Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (d. 1843)
August 19

Buckner Stith Morris, mayor of Chicago (d. 1879)
James Lenox, American bibliophile and philanthropist (d. 1880)

August 21 - Hiram Walden, American politician (d. 1880)
August 22

Edward Barron Chandler, American politician (d. 1880)
William S. Harney, U.S. general (d. 1889)
Edward Bouverie Pusey, English churchman (d. 1882)

August 25 - Karl Hase, German Protestant theologian and church historian (d. 1890)
September 6 - Catharine Beecher, American educator (d. 1878)
September 11 - Daniel S. Dickinson, Confederate admiral (d. 1866)
September 12

Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant, leading French chess master (d. 1872)
William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (d. 1879)

September 13

Franklin Buchanan, officer in the U.S. Navy who became an admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War (d. 1874)
David Stewart, American politician (d. 1858)