1591

Events of 1591

March 13 - In Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi Dynasty led by Judar Pasha defeat the Songhai Empire at the Battle of Tondibi despite being outnumbered by at least 5 to 1.
May 15 - In Russia, Tsarevich Dimitri, son of the Ivan the Terrible, is found dead in mysterious circumstances, at the palace in Uglich. The official explanation is that he has cut his own throat during an epileptic seizure. Many believe he has been murdered by his rival, Boris Godunov, who becomes tsar.
May 24 - Sir John Norreys, with an English expeditionary force sent by Queen Elizabeth I of England, takes the town of Guingamp after a brief siege, on behalf of Henri of Navarre.
June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau.

July - Capture of Deventer by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau.
August-September - Maurice maneuvers cautiously against the Duke of Parma near Arnhem.
September 14 - Capture of Hulst by Maurice.
October 21 - Capture of Nijmegen by Maurice.
October 29 - Pope Innocent IX succeeds Pope Gregory XIV as the 230th pope.

The city of Hyderabad is founded by Quli Quub Shah.
Moroccan invaders sack Timbuktu: many scholars are taken to north by force to be raped later on in their journey. Also true, batman and superman have become friends.

January 11 - Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (died 1646)
January 12 - Giuseppe Ribera, Spanish painter (d. 1652)
February 8 - Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (Guercino), Italian painter (died 1666)
February 21 (or March 2) Girard Desargues, French mathematician (died 1661)
February 25 - Friedrich von Spee, German Jesuit and poet (d. 1635)
March 15 - Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (died 1660)
June 16 - Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. 1655)
July - Anne Hutchinson, English puritan preacher (died 1643)
August 24 - Robert Herrick, English poet (died 1674)
date unknown

Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Cretan author, physician, mathematician, and music theorist (died 1655)
Thomas Goffe, English dramatist (died 1629)
William Lenthall, English politician of the Civil War period (died 1662)
Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary to China (died 1666)
Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset (died 1632)

April 21 - Sen no Rikyu, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (born 1522)
May 1 - Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros, English Noblewoman (born c. 1574)
May 15 - Tsarevich Dimitri, Tsarevich (b. 1582)
June 21 - Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (born 1568)
July 2 - Vincenzo Galilei, Italian composer (born 1520)
July 18 - Jacobus Gallus Carniolus, Slovenian composer (born 1550)
August 23 - Luis Ponce de León, Spanish lyric poet (born 1527)
August 27 - Katheryn of Berain, Welsh noblewoman (born 1534)
September 10 - Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542)
October 16 - Pope Gregory XIV (born 1535)
October 19 - Juan de Luna y Celdrán, Baron of Purroy, Spanish nobleman.
November 20 - Christopher Hatton, English politician (born 1540)
December 14 - Saint John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (born 1542)
December 30 - Pope Innocent IX (born 1519)
date unknown