1519

Year 1519 (MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico (Quetzalcoatl promised to return this year).
June 28 - Charles II of Spain becomes Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (rules until 1556).

July 4 - Martin Luther joins the debate regarding papal authority against John Eck at Leipzig.
August 15 - Panama City is founded.
September 20 - Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to circumnavigate the world.
November 8 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great pomp as would befit a returning god.

Erasmus publishes his Colloquia.
Martin Luther questions the infallibility of papal decrees.
The artistic form appears in georgia and spreads.
The Spanish find Barbados.
Cacao comes to Europe.
Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.
The St. Olav Church is completed in Tallinn, Estonia.
According to Wang Yangming (1472–1529), the Ming Dynasty philosopher and governor of Jiangxi, China, he intends to use fo–lang–ji cannons in suppressing the rebellion of Prince Zhu Chenhao in this year. This is most likely the earliest reference in China to the breech-loading Frankish culverin.
A large pandemic spreads from the Greater Antilles into Central America, and perhaps as far as Peru in South America. This widespread epidemic kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas. According to historian Alfred W. Crosby Jr. in his The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, this outbreak is the first widely documented epidemic in the New World.
Central Mexico Amerindians' population - 25.3 million.

Births

February 5 - René of Châlon, Prince of the House of Orange (d. 1544)
February 15 - Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, first Spanish Governor of Florida (d. 1574)
February 16 - Gaspard de Coligny, French Huguenot leader (d. 1572)
February 17 - Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (d. 1563)
March 31 - King Henry II of France (d. 1559)
April 13 - Catherine de' Medici, queen of Henry II of France (d. 1589)
May 27 - Girolamo Mei, Italian humanist historian (d. 1594)
June 6 - Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (d. 1603)
June 12 - Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1574)
June 24 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (d. 1605)
July 22 - Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591)
date unknown