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United States Department of the Treasury

The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department and the treasury of the United States government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, President George Washington asking Hamilton to serve after first having asked Robert Morris (who declined, recommending Hamilton instead). Hamilton almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well. The Department is administered by the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the Treasurer of the United States, who receives and keeps the money of the United States. The Department prints and mints all paper currency and coins in circulation through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint. It also collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service.

Duties

The United States Department of the Treasury enforces all existing US Laws of a financial nature. These include:

Recommends and implements the economic, fiscal, and currency policies of the President as approved by Congress.
Oversees the established laws and regulation of exports and imports.
Designs, prints, and mints all authorized mediums of exchange used by the US Government, including Currency, Coins, Stamps, and Bonds, as directed by the Federal Reserve.
Oversees regulation of all financial institutions chartered by the United States, as approved by the President and Congress
Collects all United States Revenue.

The United States Department of the Treasury does not create laws and regulations. The Department enforces the laws and regulations enacted by United States Congress.

The United States Secretary of the Treasury serves primarily in an administrative capacity, and also in an advisory role to the United States President.

History

The Office of the Treasurer is the only office in the Treasury Department that is older than the Department itself, as it was originally created by the Continental Congress in 1775. Michael Hillegas served as the first Treasurer of the United States and throughout the American Revolution until Congress created of The Department of the Treasury on September 2, 1789:

And be it...enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to digest and prepare plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the support of public credit; to prepare and report estimates of the public revenue, and the public expenditures; to superintend the collection of revenue; to decide on the forms of keeping and stating accounts and making returns, and to grant under the limitations herein established, or to be hereafter provided, all warrants for monies to be issued from the Treasury, in pursuance of appropriations by law; to execute such services relative to the sale of the lands belonging to the United States, as may be by law required of him; to make report, and give information to either branch of the legislature, in person or in writing (as he may be required), respecting all matters referred to him by the Senate or House of Representatives, or which shall appertain to his office; and generally to perform all such services relative to the finances, as he shall be directed to perform.

Alexander Hamilton was sworn in as the first Secretary of the Treasury on September 11, 1789. His portrait is on the obverse of the U.S. ten dollar bill and the Treasury Department building is shown on the reverse.

The current law, , reads as follows (in part):

(a) The Department of the Treasury is an executive department of the United States Government at the seat of the Government.
(b) The head of the Department is the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Responsibilities
The basic functions of the Department of the Treasury include:
Managing Federal finances;

Collecting taxes, duties and monies paid to and due to the U.S. and paying all bills of the U.S.;

Producing all postage stamps, currency and coinage;

Managing Government accounts and the U.S. public debt;

Supervising national banks and thrift institutions;

Advising on domestic and international financial, monetary, economic, trade and tax policy - fiscal policy being the sum of these, and the ultimate responsibility of Congress.

Enforcing Federal finance and tax laws;

Investigating and prosecuting tax evaders, counterfeiters, forgers, smugglers, illicit spirits distillers, and gun law violators.
With respect to the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, Treasury serves a purpose parallel to that of the Office of Management and Budget for the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress, and the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress.
The term Treasury reform usually refers narrowly to reform of monetary policy and related economic policy and accounting reform. The broader term monetary reform usually refers to reform of policy of institutions such as the International Monetary Fund.
Organization
United States Secretary of the Treasury
United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Treasurer of the United States
United States Mint

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

Under Secretary for Domestic Finance
Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions

Assistant Secretary for Financial Markets

Assistant Secretary for of Fiscal Service
Financial Management Service

Bureau of Public Debt

Under Secretary for International Affairs
Assistant Secretary for International Affairs

Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing

Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis

Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy

Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs

Assistant Secretary for Management/Chief Financial Officer

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs/Director of Policy Planning

Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy
Internal Revenue Service

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA)

General Counsel

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

Office of Thrift Supervision

Effective January 24, 2003 the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms was no longer a Bureau of the Department of the Treasury. The law enforcement functions of ATF have been transferred to the Department of Justice. The tax and trade functions of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms remained with Treasury at the new Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.
On March 1, 2003 the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the United States Customs Service, and the United States Secret Service moved to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
four basic functions performed are: Formulating and recommending economic, financial, tax, and fiscal policies.
Under the Secretary's direct supervision are the departmental offices, which are responsible for management and policy formulation.

Domestic Finance

Economic Policy

General Counsel

Information and Technology Management

International Affairs

Management

Public Affairs

Tax Policy

Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI)

Treasurer of the United States
The Office of the General Counsel is charged with supervising all legal proceedings involving the collection of debts due the United States, establishing regulations to guide customs collectors, issuing distress warrants against delinquent revenue collectors or receivers of public money, examining Treasury officers' official bonds and related legal documents, serving as legal adviser to the department and administered lands acquired by the United States in payment for debts. This office was preceded by the offices of the Comptroller of the Treasury (1789–1817), First Comptroller of the Treasury (1817-20), Agent of the Treasury (1820-30) and Solicitor of the Treasury 1830–1934.
References
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