Ten

Ten, Council of, in the republic of Venice, a special tribunal created (1310) to avert plots and crimes against the state. It was a direct result of the unsuccessful Tiepolo conspiracy against the Venetian oligarchy. In 1335 the body was given permanent status. It consisted actually of 17 members—the doge, 10 members chosen by the grand council, and 6 elected by the lesser council. After 1539 three members served as inquisitors of state and investigated, by means of a secret police, all criminal, moral, religious, and political offenses. The inquisitors reported their findings to the Ten, who rendered an irrevocable verdict. As the power of the Council of Ten expanded, it came to control foreign relations and financial matters. In 1582 the conservative nobles attempted to reduce its authority but failed; the Ten remained the most important governing body of the state until the fall (1797) of the republic. Although the mystery that veiled its operations gave it an aura of tyrannical despotism, it was in general an efficient and highly effective body.

Commandments, Ten: see Ten Commandments.

or tenpounder

Species (Elops saurus, family Elopidae) of primarily tropical coastal marine fish. The ladyfish is slender and covered with fine silver scales; the dorsal and anal fins can be depressed into grooves. A predatory fish, it has small, sharp teeth and a bony throat plate between its mandibles. It is up to 35 in. (90 cm) long and weighs up to 30 lbs (14 kg). The young are transparent and eel-like.

Learn more about ladyfish with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Volcanic region, southern Alaska, U.S. Located in Katmai National Park and Preserve, the valley covers 56 sq mi (145 sq km). It was created in 1912 when the eruption of the Novarupta and Mount Katmai volcanoes covered the valley in a flow of lava. When an expedition visited the site in 1916, it discovered tens of thousands of fissures known as fumaroles spouting smoke, gas, and steam in the valley floor. The largest was 150 ft (46 m) in diameter; some had temperatures as high as 1,200 °F (649 °C). About 60 years later there were fewer than 12 fumaroles left. In the 1960s U.S. astronauts used the scarred region to train for Moon landings.

Learn more about Ten Thousand Smokes, Valley of with a free trial on Britannica.com.

List of religious precepts sacred in Judaism and Christianity. They include injunctions to honour God, the Sabbath, and one's parents, as well as bans on idolatry, blasphemy, murder, adultery, theft, false witness, and covetousness. In the book of Exodus, they are divinely revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai and engraved on two stone tablets. Most scholars propose a date between the 16th and 13th century BC for the commandments, though some date them as late as 750 BC. They were not regarded with deep reverence by Christians until the 13th century.

Learn more about Ten Commandments with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Sint-Joost-ten-Node (Dutch) or Saint-Josse-ten-Noode (French, usually shortened to Saint-Josse) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.

On 1 January 2007 the municipality had a total population of 23,785. The total area is 1.14 km² which gives a population density of 20,664 inhabitants per km². With only 1.14 km², Saint-Josse-ten-Noode is the municipality with the smallest territory in Belgium.

Foreign population

Citizenship	1979	1995	2007
Belgium	12,222 (54.5%)	9,231 (42.1%)	14,656 (61.6%)
Turkey	2,304 (10.3%)	3,904 (18.1%)	1,527 (6.4%)
Morocco	2,664 (11.9%)	3,761 (17.5%)	1,482 (6.2%)
France	...	...	674 (2.8%)
Italy	1,661 (7.4%)	785 (3.6%)	458 (1.9%)
Congo (DRC)	198 (0.9%)	...	453 (1.9%)
Poland	...	...	432 (1.8%)
Romania	...	...	387 (1.6%)
Spain	840 (3.7%)	443 (2.1%)	317 (1.3%)
Bulgaria	...	...	251 (1.1%)
Total population	22,409	21,522	23,785

source : Institut National de Statistiques

While foreigners were a majority in 1995, nowadays most of the population has Belgian citizenship, which has resulted in a sharp increase of municipal councillors with a foreign background, benefitting from the open proportional electoral system: from 0 in 1988 to 2 (from Morocco) in 1994, a near majority of 13 (7 from Morocco, 5 from Turkey) out of 27 in 2000 (including 3 aldermen) and a majority of 20 out of 27 in 2007 (including 6 aldermen out of 9 ) .

Mayors of Saint-Josse-ten-Noode

From: "Histoire de Saint Josse Ten Noode et de Schaerbeek - VAN BEMMEL - 1869" and other sources available at the local public library.

• O'KELLY André-Etienne-Joseph 1800 1808
• DE GLIMES (GLIM) Jacques-Joseph 1808
• AERTS Théodore-Nicolas-Joseph 1813
• DE GLIMES (GLIM) Jacques-Joseph 1815
• WAUVERMANS Jean-François 1813 1823
• VERBIST Urbain Henri 1823 1842
• WILLEMS Léonard Constant 29/12/1842 1846
• GILLON Jacques Joseph Damas 18/04/1846 1867
• SAINCTELETTE Louis Guillaume Felix 13/02/1867
• JOTTRAND Fritz 1870 1884
• STEURS Armand 1885 1899
• FRICK Henri 1900 1926
• PETRE Georges 1926 1942 alderman, then mayor from 1926 until his destitution and assassination by the Rexists in 1942)
• DERY Joseph 1944 1947
• SAINT-REMI André 1947 1953
• CUDELL Guy 1953 1999
• DEMANNEZ Jean 1999 (councillor in 1976, alderman in 1977, mayor since 1999, reelected in 2000 and 2006)

Sources