| Ivan III (the Great), 1462-1505 |
| Vasily III, 1505-33 |
| Ivan IV (the Terrible), 1533-84 |
| Feodor I, 1584-98 |
| Boris Godunov, 1598-1605 |
| Feodor II, 1605 |
| Dmitri, 1605-6 |
| Vasily IV, 1606-10 Interregnum, 1610-13 |
| Michael, 1613-45 |
| Alexis, 1645-76 |
| Feodor III, 1676-82 |
| Ivan V and Peter I (the Great), 1682-96 |
| Peter I (the Great), 1696-1725 |
| Catherine I, 1725-27 |
| Peter II, 1727-30 |
| Anna, 1730-40 |
| Ivan VI, 1740-41 |
| Elizabeth, 1741-62 |
| Peter III, 1762 |
| Catherine II (the Great), 1762-96 |
| Paul I, 1796-1801 |
| Alexander I, 1801-25 |
| Nicholas I, 1825-55 |
| Alexander II, 1855-81 |
| Alexander III, 1881-94 |
| Nicholas II, 1894-1917 |
| Prince Georgi Lvov, Mar.-July, 1917 |
| Aleksandr Kerensky, July-Nov., 1917 |
| Vladimir Lenin, chairman, Council of People's Commissars, 1917-24 |
| Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Grigori Zinoviev, 1924-26 |
| Joseph Stalin, Communist party general secretary, 1926-53 |
| Nikita Khrushchev, Communist party first secretary, and Georgi Malenkov, premier, 1953-55 |
| Nikita Khrushchev, Communist party first secretary, and Nikolai Bulganin, premier, 1955-58 |
| Nikita Khrushchev, Communist party first secretary and premier, 1958-64 |
| Leonid Brezhnev, Communist party first secretary (after 1966, general secretary), 1964-82 |
| Yuri Andropov, Communist party general secretary, 1982-84 |
| Konstantin Chernenko, Communist party general secretary, 1984-85 |
| Mikhail Gorbachev, Communist party general secretary, 1985-91 |
| Boris Yeltsin, 1991-99 |
| Vladimir Putin, 1999-2008 (acting president, Dec. 1999-May 2000) |
| Dmitri Medvedev, 2008- |
| Isabella I (of Castile), ruled jointly with Ferdinand II (of Aragón), 1474-1504 |
| Ferdinand II, ruled jointly with Isabella I as Ferdinand V of Castile, 1474-1504; ruled Aragón only, 1504-16; ruled Castile as regent, 1506-16 |
| Joanna (the Mad), daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella; ruled Castile only (jointly with Philip I in 1506), 1504-6 |
| Philip I (the Handsome), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I; ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, 1506 |
| Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), son of Joanna and Philip, 1516-56 |
| Philip II, son of Charles I, 1556-98 |
| Philip III, son of Philip II, 1598-1621 |
| Philip IV, son of Philip III, 1621-65 |
| Charles II, son of Philip IV, 1665-1700 |
| Philip V, great grandson of Philip IV, 1700-1746 |
| Ferdinand VI, son of Philip V, 1746-59 |
| Charles III, younger son of Philip V, 1759-88 |
| Charles IV, second son of Charles III, 1788-1808 |
| Ferdinand VII, son of Charles IV, 1808 |
| Joseph Bonaparte, 1808-13 |
| Ferdinand VII, restored, 1813-33 |
| Isabella II, daughter of Ferdinand VII, 1833-68 |
| Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, regent, 1869-70 |
| Amadeus, elected by a constituent assembly, 1870-73 |
| Estanislao Figueras, president, 1873 |
| Francisco Pi y Margall, president, 1873 |
| Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso, president, 1873 |
| Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, prime minister, 1873-74 |
| Alfonso XII, son of Isabella II, 1874-85 |
| Alfonso XIII, son of Alfonso XII, 1886-1931 |
| Niceta Alcalá Zamora, president, 1931-36 |
| Manuel Azaña, president, 1936-39 |
| Francisco Franco, chief of state, 1939-75 |
| Juan Carlos I, grandson of Alfonso XIII, 1975- |
| Hugh Capet, 987-96 |
| Robert II (the Pious), son of Hugh Capet, 996-1031 |
| Henry I, son of Robert II, 1031-60 |
| Philip I, son of Henry I, 1060-1108 |
| Louis VI (the Fat), son of Philip I, 1108-37 |
| Louis VII (the Young), son of Louis VI, 1137-80 |
| Philip II (Augustus), son of Louis VII, 1180-1223 |
| Louis VIII, son of Philip II, 1223-26 |
| Louis IX (Saint Louis), son of Louis VIII, 1226-70 |
| Philip III (the Bold), son of Louis IX, 1270-85 |
| Philip IV (the Fair), son of Philip III, 1285-1314 |
| Louis X (the Quarrelsome), son of Philip IV, 1314-16 |
| John I (the Posthumous), son of Louis X, 1316 |
| Philip V (the Tall), son of Philip IV, 1317-22 |
| Charles IV (the Fair), son of Philip IV, 1322-28 |
| Philip VI, grandson of Philip III, 1328-50 |
| John II (the Good), son of Philip VI, 1350-64 |
| Charles V (the Wise), son of John II, 1364-80 |
| Charles VI (the Mad or the Well Beloved), son of Charles V, 1380-1422 |
| Charles VII (the Victorious or the Well Served), son of Charles VI, 1422-61 |
| Louis XI, son of Charles VII, 1461-83 |
| Charles VIII, son of Louis XI, 1483-98 |
| Louis XII, descendant of Charles V, 1498-1515 |
| Francis I, cousin and son-in-law of Louis XII, 1515-47 |
| Henry II, son of Francis I, 1547-59 |
| Francis II, son of Henry II, 1559-60 |
| Charles IX, son of Henry II, 1560-74 |
| Henry III, son of Henry II, 1574-89 |
| Henry IV (of Navarre), descendant of Louis IX, 1589-1610 |
| Louis XIII, son of Henry IV, 1610-43 |
| Louis XIV, son of Louis XIII, 1643-1715 |
| Louis XV, great-grandson of Louis XIV, 1715-74 |
| Louis XVI, grandson of Louis XV, 1774-92 |
| The National Convention, 1792-95 |
| The Directory, 1795-99 |
| The Consulate (Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul, 1802-4), 1799-1804 |
| Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte), 1804-15 |
| Louis XVIII, grandson of Louis XV, 1814-24 |
| Charles X, grandson of Louis XV, 1824-30 |
| Louis Philippe, descendant of Louis XIII, 1830-48 |
| Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon I, president, 1848-52 |
| Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte), 1852-70 |
| Louis Jules Trochu (provisional), 1870-71 |
| Adolphe Thiers, 1871-73 |
| Marie Edmé Patrice de MacMahon, 1873-79 |
| Jules Grévy, 1879-87 |
| Sadi Carnot, 1887-94 |
| Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Périer, 1894-95 |
| Félix Faure, 1895-99 |
| Émile François Loubet, 1899-1906 |
| Armand Fallières, 1906-13 |
| Raymond Poincaré, 1913-20 |
| Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel, 1920 |
| Alexandre Millerand, 1920-24 |
| Gaston Doumergue, 1924-31 |
| Paul Doumer, 1931-32 |
| Albert Lebrun, 1932-40 |
| Henri Philippe Pétain, chief of state, 1940-44 |
| Charles de Gaulle, president, 1944-46 |
| Georges Bidault (provisional), 1946 |
| Vincent Auriol, 1947-54 |
| René Coty, 1954-58 |
| Charles de Gaulle, 1958-69 |
| Georges Pompidou, 1969-74 |
| Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, 1974-81 |
| François Mitterrand, 1981-95 |
| Jacques Chirac, 1995-2007 |
| Nicolas Sarkozy, 2007- |
| President | Dates in Office |
|---|---|
| Venustiano Carranza | 1917-20 |
| Adolfo de la Huerta | 1920 |
| Álvaro Obregón | 1920-24 |
| Plutarco Elías Calles | 1924-28 |
| Emilio Portes Gil | 1928-30 |
| Pascual Ortiz Rubio | 1930-32 |
| Abelardo L. Rodríguez | 1932-34 |
| Lázaro Cárdenas | 1934-40 |
| Manuel Ávila Camacho | 1940-46 |
| Miguel Alemán | 1946-52 |
| Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | 1952-58 |
| Adolfo López Mateos | 1958-64 |
| Gustavo Díaz Ordaz | 1964-70 |
| Luis Echevarría Álvarez | 1970-76 |
| José López Portillo | 1976-82 |
| Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado | 1982-88 |
| Carlos Salinas de Gortari | 1988-94 |
| Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León | 1994-2000 |
| Vicente Fox Quesada | 2000-2006 |
| Felipe Calderón Hinojosa | 2006- |
| Prime Minister | Political Party | Dates in Office |
|---|---|---|
| Sir John A. Macdonald | Conservative | 1867-73 |
| Alexander Mackenzie | Liberal | 1873-78 |
| Sir John A. Macdonald | Conservative | 1878-91 |
| Sir John J. C. Abbott | Conservative | 1891-92 |
| Sir John S. D. Thompson | Conservative | 1892-94 |
| Sir Mackenzie Bowell | Conservative | 1894-96 |
| Sir Charles Tupper | Conservative | 1896 |
| Sir Wilfred Laurier | Liberal | 1896-1911 |
| Sir Robert L. Borden | Conservative/Unionist | 1911-20 |
| Arthur Meighen | Conservative | 1920-21 |
| W. L. M. King | Liberal | 1921-26 |
| Arthur Meighen | Conservative | 1926 |
| W. L. M. King | Liberal | 1926-30 |
| Richard B. Bennett | Conservative | 1930-35 |
| W. L. M. King | Liberal | 1935-48 |
| Louis St. Laurent | Liberal | 1948-57 |
| John G. Diefenbaker | Progressive Conservative | 1957-63 |
| Lester B. Pearson | Liberal | 1963-68 |
| Pierre Elliott Trudeau | Liberal | 1968-79 |
| Joseph Clark | Progressive Conservative | 1979-80 |
| Pierre Elliott Trudeau | Liberal | 1980-84 |
| John Turner | Liberal | 1984 |
| Brian Mulroney | Progressive Conservative | 1984-93 |
| Kim Campbell | Progressive Conservative | 1993 |
| Jean Chrétien | Liberal | 1993-2003 |
| Paul Martin | Liberal | 2003-6 |
| Stephen Harper | Conservative | 2006- |
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