shaky-cam

Guiding Light

Guiding Light (known as The Guiding Light prior to 1975, or simply GL) is an Emmy award winning American television program credited by the Guinness Book of World Records as being the longest-running soap opera in production and the longest running drama in television and radio history. The 15,000th televised episode of Guiding Light aired on September 7, 2006. Due to this series run, it is not only considered to be the longest soap opera, but the longest-running scripted show in history. It has been announced that Guiding Light has been renewed into its 72nd season through September 2009, with an option for September 2010.

The program was created by soap writer Irna Phillips, and began as an NBC radio serial on January 25, 1937 before moving to CBS on June 30, 1952, as a televised serial.

The show's title refers to a lamp in the study of Reverend Dr. John Ruthledge, a major character when Guiding Light debuted in 1937, that family and residents could see as a sign for them to find help when needed.

Production and locales

The Guiding Light has been broadcast from three locations: Chicago, Illinois, from 1937 until 1946, Hollywood, California, from 1947 until 1949, and New York City from 1949 until the present. It was moved from Chicago to Hollywood (despite objections of both Irna Phillips and Arthur Peterson) to take advantage of the talent pool. Production was subsequently moved to New York City, where it remains. It is currently taped at the CBS studios in midtown Manhattan. Since shortly before February 29, 2008 outdoor scenes have been shot on location in Peapack, New Jersey. The location filming coincided with another significant production change, as the series became the first American weekday soap opera to be filmed digitally.

The fictional action has also been set in three different locales - it was based in the fictional towns of Five Points and Selby Flats before "moving" to its current day locale of Springfield.

History, plot development, and cast

Due to the 8-decade run of Guiding Light as well as the complexity of the storylines, the show's history has been split up into separate entries. Cast lists are under individual articles.

1930s and 1940s

The series was created by Irna Phillips, who based it on personal experiences. After giving birth to a still-born baby at age 19, she found spiritual comfort listening to the on-air sermons of Preston Bradley, a very famous Chicago preacher and founder of the Peoples Church, a church which promoted the brotherhood of man. It was these sermons that formed the nucleus of the creation of The Guiding Light, which began as a radio show.

1950s

In 1952, The Guiding Light began airing on CBS television. Episodes were 15 minutes long.

After Irna Phillips moved to As The World Turns in 1958, her protege Agnes Nixon became Head Writer of The Guiding Light.

With the transition to television the main characters became the Bauers, a lower-middle class German immigrant family.

1960s

Agnes Nixon relinquished her role as head writer in 1966. On March 13, 1967, the show was first broadcast in color. A year later, the show expanded from 15 to 30 minutes.

The 1960s saw the introduction of African-American characters, and the main focus of the show shifted to Bill and Bert's children, Mike and Ed.

1970s

Feeling pressure from newer, more youth-oriented soap operas such as All My Children, Procter & Gamble hired headwriters Bridget and Jerome Dobson in 1975. The Dobsons introduced a more nuanced, psychologically layered writing style, and included timely storylines, including a complex love/hate relationship between estranged spouses/step-siblings Roger and Holly. They also created a number of well-remembered characters, including Rita Stapleton, whose complex relationships with Roger and Ed would propel much of the story for the remainder of the decade, and Alan Spaulding and Ross Marler, who would both remain central characters into the 2000s.

In the fall of 1975, the name was changed in show's opening and closing visuals from The Guiding Light to Guiding Light. On November 7, 1977, the show expanded to a full hour and aired from 2:30-3:30 p. m. daily.

The show in the 1970s focused on the Bauers and the Spauldings. Several notable characters were introduced.

1980s

The decision was made to re-introduce the thought-dead character of Bill Bauer. Everyone had thought that he had died in an airplane crash in the early 1970s, but he was said to actually be alive. When he returned to Springfield, he brought his daughter Hillary with him.

Shocking to most viewers, Jerome and Bridget Dobson killed its young heroine, Leslie Jackson Bauer Norris Bauer, R. N. She was killed by a drunken driver, and many viewers stopped watching the show due to this death.

In 1980, the Dobsons began writing As the World Turns, and were replaced by writer and former actor Douglas Marland. He created some new characters like vixen Nola Reardon. In May 1980, Guiding Light won its first Daytime Emmy award for Outstanding Achievement in a Daytime Drama.

An ever more complicated storyline focused on the Bauers, the Spauldings, the Reardons and the Raines. Pam Long became head writer in 1983, and refocused the show on Freddy Bauer (now called Dr. Rick Bauer), Phillip Spaulding, Mindy Lewis and Beth Raines. She also introduced characters Alexandra Spaulding and Reva Shayne. Long would return for a second stint from 1987 to 1990.

1990s

With the new decade, the show started to change from Long's homespun, earthy style to a more realistic style. The Bauers, Spauldings, Lewises, and the Coopers had been established as core families, and most major plot developments circled around them.

The show suffered major cast losses mid-decade, including the loss of characters Maureen Bauer and Alexandra Spaulding. As the decade progressed, the show began a series of outlandish plot twists to compete with the serial Days of Our Lives, including a highly controversial story on cloning.

2000s

The 2000s began with the splitting of the show into two locales: Springfield and the island nation of San Cristobel. In Springfield, the Santos mob dynasty created much of the drama. Meanwhile, the royal Winslow family had their own series of intrigues to deal with. In 2002, however, San Cristobel was written off the show and the mob's influence in the story was subsequently diminished and, with the departure of character Danny Santos in 2005, eliminated althogether.

In 2005, former director and actress Ellen Wheeler (Emmy Award winner as an actress for All My Children and Another World) took over as executive producer of Guiding Light. She and writer David Kreizman made numerous changes to the sets, stories, and the cast. Several veteran actors were dropped, mainly due to budget cuts. Due to the lack of veteran influence, Wheeler has refocused the show on the youth of Springfield, centering on the controversial pairing of cousins Jonathan and Tammy.

The show marked its seventieth broadcast anniversary in 2007. The show marked the anniversary with the launch of website FindYourLight.com and a program of outreach, reflecting Irna Phillips' original message. There was also a special episode in January 2007, with current cast members portraying Phillips and some of the earlier cast members.

Despite low ratings, the show won 2007 Daytime Emmy Awards for Best Writing and Best Show (sharing Best Show with The Young and the Restless).

Production

In the daytime drama's 71st season the show changed its look to a more "realistic" experience. On February 29, 2008 a new opening replaced the anniversary opening. The new look of Guiding Light includes free hand camera work and less time in traditional studio sets. Producer Ellen Wheeler has introduced a "shaky-cam" style present in a number of feature films featuring extreme-closeups and frequent cuts, including those that "break the axis," which may prove disorienting to viewers accustomed to the traditional "soap opera look." Also new are the shooting of outdoor scenes that take place in actual outdoor settings. Even many indoor scenes have a more "on location" feel, utilizing real locations such as CBS board rooms and offices. Some of the shows fans have expressed displeasure with the new format, partially contributing to further dwindling ratings.

CBS and the show's producers are wagering that the new look can help reinvent the show and raise ratings, making the longest-running program in daytime history a model for the future of daytime. Indeed this production style has spread, in limited fashion, to at least two other CBS soaps, as both The Bold and The Beautiful (e.g. Bikini Beach) and As The World Turns (e.g. the Snyder farm) are notably increasing their use of it in their daily production, where before these types of shoots were limited to special trips taken by the characters. For now, both shows still primarily use the traditional "soap opera look" with these sorts of scenes mixed in.

Cast

Please see the articles by decade for cast. The current cast is in the article Guiding Light (2000-present)

Ratings and scheduling history

Unlike most attempts made by popular radio serials to convert to a television version, Guiding Light never had any difficulty holding onto its old listening audience and making new viewers simultaneously. This was made easy by the fact that neither ABC nor NBC broadcast programs on their respective networks at 2:30 p.m. Eastern/1:30 Central, where CBS first placed GL. Six months into the run, however, the network moved the serial to a timeslot that gave it great popularity with its housewife audience, 12:45 p.m./11:45 a.m., where it ran for the next 15 years and eight months, sharing the half hour with its sister Procter and Gamble-packaged soap, Search for Tomorrow. GL handled the competition breezily, even legendary shows such as Queen for a Day on ABC (briefly in 1960) and NBC's Truth or Consequences. Usually, GL ranked second in the Nielsen ratings behind another P&G serial, As the World Turns.

By 1968, though, changing viewership trends prompted CBS to expand its last two 15-minute daytime dramas, disrupting long-standing viewing habits. Search took over the entire 12:30-1/11:30-Noon period, with GL returning to its first timeslot, 2:30/1:30, albeit in the now-standard half-hour format, on September 9. This also caused the dislocation of The Secret Storm and the beloved Art Linkletter's House Party, as well as the cancellation of the daytime To Tell the Truth. It would not be the last time, though, as the next 12 years would bring several shifts around CBS' lineup.

The 1970s saw GL's popularity dip somewhat, largely from the competition posed by younger-leaning serials such as The Doctors on NBC, but it still garnered decent ratings. After four years, CBS bumped it up a half-hour to accommodate P&G's demand that Edge of Night move to 2:30/1:30, a move that led to the end of that show on CBS three years later. In the meantime, GL stayed steadily on course against NBC's Days of Our Lives, another soap favored by younger women, and ABC's The Newlywed Game. In late 1974, ABC replaced Newlywed with The $10,000 Pyramid, which went on to garner strong ratings, but not greatly at GL's expense. Meanwhile, by fall 1975 (at this point, the show dropped the word "The" officially from its title), the impending departure of Edge and CBS' planned expansion of ATWT affected GL by pushing it back to 2:30/1:30 in December, where NBC still ran The Doctors and ABC had a short-lived hit the next year with an updated Break the Bank. To complicate the picture further, ABC opted to make its first expansions, that of One Life to Live and General Hospital, in July 1976, each occupying one-half of a 90-minute block.

With this in mind, CBS acted to give its veteran serial a contending chance by expanding it to an hour in length on November 7, 1977, strategically keeping its start time put in order to dissuade viewers from turning to the other networks. This gained particular importance when ABC finally added 15 minutes to both OLTL and GH by January 1978, so that GL straddled those two programs, as well as the first half of sister P&G show Another World on NBC. Despite GH surprising all observers by skyrocketing from near-cancellation to the top place in the ratings with the "Luke and Laura" storyline, GL, holding its own while in direct competition with GH, still hit an upswing as the decade ended.

On February 4, 1980, CBS bumped GL down again, to 3/2, in the midst of a major scheduling shuffle intended to give The Young and the Restless a shot at beating ABC's All My Children. It has remained in this timeslot since, facing GH (General Hospital) and NBC entries such as Texas, The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour and Santa Barbara. none of which made significant impacts upon GL. Furthermore, GH eventually petered out by the mid-1980s as well. The series achieved a 7.9 rating — its highest ever — during the week of November 16 1981. Overall, the first half of the 1980s saw a revival in Guiding Light 's popularity, with a top-five placing achieved in most years, and, for a brief period, it even managed to dethrone then-powerhouse General Hospital from the #1 ratings spot. As the decade progressed, however, the ratings slipped a bit, although it was still performing solidly. In 1993, GL began with one of the eight CBS-owned stations airing it at 10 a.m. Eastern time, New York City's WCBS-TV. Solid performance remained the case until the mid-1990s, when the show's ratings sunk as low as eighth out of 11. However, during the controversial clone storyline in 1998, ratings experienced a brief resurgence. In March 2008, CBS renewed Guiding Light through September 2009 or 2010, with an option to pick it up for an additional year after that.

As of January 2007, stations in a number of markets air GL in the morning either at 9 or 10 a.m. Eastern: Miami, Chicago, Baltimore, Boston, Detroit, New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Orlando, Fort Wayne, Ind., South Bend, Ind., Portland, Me., Albany, N.Y., and Scranton-Wilkes Barre, Pa.

In fact Guiding Light still has strong ratings in Pittsburgh, despite being moved to 10:00 AM in 2006. According to the Pittsburgh Post Gazette, Dr. Phil hasn't been able to pull in the same numbers that GL did in that time slot a year prior, while GL has maintained its audience share.

Starting in March, 2004 CBS started a same-day morning feed of GL to stations at 10:00 AM.. Stations who were previously a day behind caught up with the rest during the first day of the NCAA 'March Madness' basketball tournament. Starting in 2006, CBS also began offering a same-day feed to stations at 9:00 AM, in addition to the 10:00 AM feed. KGMB-TV of Honolulu, Hawaii currently airs GL at 12 Noon local time. Only two CBS affiliates do not air GL. One is KOVR-TV in Sacramento, California, even though it is now a network-owned-and-operated station. KOVR had been acquired by CBS in the early Summer of 2005 but was a CBS affiliate since 1995. It never aired Guiding Light as a CBS affiliate on a regular basis. Before CBS affiliated with KOVR it had been affiliated with KXTV. Back in 1992, KXTV Channel 10 as a CBS affiliate dropped Guiding Light. When KOVR became the CBS affiliate, KXTV became the ABC affiliate. Guiding Light has not therefore aired in the Sacramento market since 1992.

WNEM-TV in Flint/Saginaw/Bay City, Michigan also does not air Guiding Light. They had also become a CBS affiliate in the mid 1990's. Initially they ran the soap but dropped it in 1996 due to underperforming ratings. In the Fall of 2006 WNEM began running Guiding Light on its digital channel, "My 5", which is a My Network TV Affiliate.

In Canada Guiding Light started airing on Global TV after CHCH dropped it in September, 2007 claiming Passions ' former time slot for the most part when it moved to DirecTV.

Internationally, Guiding Light started airing on September 3, 2007 in the UK on Zone Romantica. In Germany, RTL airs it under the title Springfield Story.

Record Low Telecasts

1,922,000 viewers on Wednesday, September 17, 2008
1,994,000 viewers on Friday, September 19, 2008
2,009,000 viewers on Friday, May 30, 2008
2,013,000 viewers on Thursday, August 21, 2008
2,025,000 viewers on Friday, July 13, 2007
2,028,000 viewers on Friday, August 22, 2008
2,030,000 viewers on Friday, August 15, 2008
2,059,000 viewers on Thursday, September 18, 2008
2,067,000 viewers on Monday, August 18, 2008
2,077,000 viewers on Monday, September 15, 2008
2,080,000 viewers on Thursday, May 1, 2008
2,091,000 viewers on Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Awards

Daytime Emmy Awards

Show

1980 Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
1981 Outstanding Writing for a Daytime Drama Series
1982 Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
1982 Outstanding Writing for a Daytime Drama Series
1982 Outstanding Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts (Technical Direction/Electronic Camerawork)
1983 Outstanding Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts (Lighting Direction)
1984 Outstanding Achievement in Design Excellence for a Daytime Drama Series
1985 Outstanding Direction for a Drama Series
1985 Outstanding Achievement by a Drama Series Design Team - Ronald M. Kelson
1986 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
1986 Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Drama Series
1986 Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Series
1987 Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Drama Series
1987 Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Drama Series
1990 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
1991 Outstanding Original Song: "Love Like This"
1991 Outstanding Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
1992 Outstanding Original Song: "I Knew That I'd Fall"
1992 Outstanding Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
1992 Outstanding Achievement in Graphics and Title Design
1993 Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
1993 Outstanding Achievement in Multiple Camera Editing for a Drama Series
1994 Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
1994 Outstanding Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
1995 Outstanding Lighting Direction for a Drama Series
1995 Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Drama Series
1996 Outstanding Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
1996 Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Drama Series
1996 Outstanding Live and Direct-to-Tape Sound Mixing for a Drama Series
1996 Outstanding Lighting Direction for a Drama Series
1998 Outstanding Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
1998 Outstanding Lighting Direction for a Drama Series
1998 Outstanding Original Song: "Hold Me"
2007 Outstanding Writing Team for a Daytime Drama Series
2007 Outstanding Daytime Drama Series (tie, with The Young and the Restless)
2007 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
2008 Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series
2008 Outstanding Achievement in Live & Direct To Tape Sound Mixing For A Drama Series
2008 Outstanding Achievement in Multiple Camera Editing

Individuals

1983 Lifetime Achievement Award: Charita Bauer (Bert Bauer)
1984 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Judi Evans Luciano (Beth Raines)
1985 Distinguished Service to Daytime Television: Charita Bauer (Bert Bauer) [posthumous]
1985 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne)
1985 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Larry Gates (H.B. Lewis)
1987 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne)
1990 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne)
1991 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Rick Hearst (Alan-Michael Spaulding)
1992 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Maeve Kinkead (Vanessa Chamberlain)
1993 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Ellen Parker (Maureen Reardon)
1993 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Monti Sharp (David Grant)
1994 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Michael Zaslow (Roger Thorpe)
1994 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Justin Deas (Buzz Cooper)
1994 Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series: Melissa Hayden (Bridget Reardon)
1995 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Justin Deas (Buzz Cooper)
1995 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Jerry verDorn (Ross Marler)
1996 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Jerry verDorn (Ross Marler)
1996 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Kevin Mambo (Marcus Williams)
1997 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Justin Deas (Buzz Cooper)
1997 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Kevin Mambo (Marcus Williams)
1998 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Cynthia Watros (Annie Dutton)
2002 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Crystal Chappell (Olivia Spencer)
2003 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Jordi Vilasuso (Tony Santos)
2006 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne)
2006 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Jordan Clarke (Billy Lewis)
2006 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Gina Tognoni (Dinah Marler)
2006 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Tom Pelphrey (Jonathan Randall)
2008 Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Gina Tognoni (Dinah Marler)
2008 Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series: Tom Pelphrey (Jonathan Randall)

Other awards

2005 Writers Guild of America Award: Written By David Kreizman, Tita Bell, Joyce Brotman, Christopher Dunn, Lloyd Gold, Kimberly Hamilton, Jill Lorie Hurst, Penelope Koechl, Eleanor Labine, Royal Miller, Cassandra Morgan, Danielle Paige, David Smilow, Gillian Spencer, Brett Staneart, Donna Swajeski, Ellen Weston GL 2005 WGA Writing Team
2005 Directors Guild of America Award

Head writers and executive producers

Head writer(s)	Years	Executive producer(s)
Irna Phillips	1937 – 1958	David Lesan, Joe Ainley, Carl Waster (1937 – 1956) (radio) Lucy Ferri Rittenberg (1952-1958; television)
Agnes Nixon	1958 – 1966	Lucy Ferri Rittenberg
David Lesan, Julian Funt, Theordore Ferro, Mathilde Ferro, John Boruff, James Lipton and Gabrielle Upton	1966 – 1968	Lucy Ferri Rittenberg
Irna Phillips	1968 – 1969	Lucy Ferri Rittenberg
Robert Soderberg and Edith Sommer	1969 – 1973	Lucy Ferri Rittenberg
James Gentile, Robert Cenedella and James Lipton	1973 – 1975	Lucy Ferri Rittenberg, Allen M. Potter
Bridget and Jerome Dobson	1975 – 1979	Allen Potter
Douglas Marland	1979 – 1982	Allen Potter
Pat Falken Smith	1982 – 1983	Allen M. Potter, Gail Kobe
L. Virginia Browne, Gene Palumbo	1983	Gail Kobe
Richard Culliton and Pamela K. Long	1983 – 1984	Gail Kobe
Pamela K. Long	1984 – 1986	Gail Kobe
Mary Ryan Munisteri, Ellen Barrett, and Jeff Ryder	1986	G. Kobe, Joe Willmore
Joseph D. Manetta and Sheri Anderson	1986 – 1987	Joe Willmore
Pamela K. Long	1987 – 1990	Joe Willmore and Robert Calhoun
Nancy Curlee, Stephen Demorest, and James E. Reilly	1990 – 1991	Robert Calhoun
Nancy Curlee, Stephen Demorest, James E. Reilly, and Lorraine Broderick	1991 – 1993	Robert Calhoun and Jill Farren Phelps
Stephen Demorest, Patrick Mulcahey, Nancy Williams Watt, Millee Taggert, and & Sheri Anderson	1993 – 1995	Jill Farren Phelps
Sheri Anderson	1995	Jill Farren Phelps
Douglas Anderson	1995	Jill Farren Phelps and Michael Laibson
Megan McTavish	1995 – 1996	Michael Laibson
Michael Conforti and Victor Miller	1996	Michael Laibson
James Harmon Brown and Barbara Esensten	1996 – 2000	Michael Laibson and Paul Rauch
Claire Labine	2000 – 2001	Paul Rauch
Lloyd Gold	2001 – 2002	Paul Rauch
Millee Taggert and Carolyn Culliton	2002 – 2003	Paul Rauch and John Conboy
Ellen Weston	2003 – 2004	John Conboy and Ellen Wheeler
David Kreizman	2004 – 2008	Ellen Wheeler
Christopher Dunn, Lloyd Gold, Jill Lorie Hurst, and David Kreizman	2008 – present	Ellen Wheeler