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Odd Nerdrum

'' Odd Nerdrum (born April 8 1944), in Sweden, is a Norwegian figurative painter. The style and themes in Nerdrum's work, based on anecdote and narrative place him in direct conflict with the abstraction and conceptual art considered acceptable in much of his native Norway.

Nerdrum creates six to eight paintings per year that have been categorized as: Still life paintings of small objects like bricks, portraits and self portraits whose subjects are dressed as if from some other time and place, and large paintings, allegorical in nature that present a sense of the apocalyptic, and again reference another time.

Nerdrum claims that his art should be understood as kitsch rather than art as such. "On Kitsch", a manifesto composed by Nerdrum describes the distinction he makes between kitsch and art. Nerdrum now lives in Iceland where he is applying for Icelandic citizenship. He divides his time between his home in Iceland and his farm in Norway.

Biography

Early life

Odd Nerdrum was born in 1944, in Sweden, during the last year of World War II. His parents, Resistance fighters, had been sent to Sweden from German occupied Norway to direct guerrilla activities from outside the country. At the end of the war, a year later, Odd and his parents moved back to Norway. Nerdrum’s mother, Lillemor soon after went to New York to study at the Fashion Institute of Technology. The feeling of being unwanted and abandoned Nerdrum felt at this time would stay with him until he was in his late forties, at which time he would begin to understand the underlying reasons for the sensations he felt. In 1950, Nerdrum’s parents divorced, leaving Lillemor to raise two small children, Odd, and a younger brother, on her own.

Nerdrum's father, Johan Nerdrum later remarried. Although he was supportive, he kept an emotional distance between himself and his son. At his death, Odd was asked not to attend the funeral, and found out three years later that Johan was not his biological father. Odd was in fact, the result of a liaison between David Sandved and Lillemor. Lillemor and Sandved had had a relationship prior to Lillemor's marriage , and this was resumed during the war in a period when Johan was absent. Richard Vine, art critic, describes this episode in Nerdrum's life as one which created "a conflicted preoccupation with origins and personal identity," that "came natural to Nerdrum" and was represented in his pictures.

Early education

Nerdrum began his formal education in 1951 in Oslo, in a private Rudolf Steiner school rather than in the standard, public school system. This education would set Odd apart from his contemporaries. The system was based on anthroposophy that saw mankind as once living in harmony with the universe but now existing in a lesser state of rationality. Through spiritual or esoteric practice, Steiner believed mankind could find his its way back to a connection with higher realities and to renewed harmony with the universe. Learning for students was often kinesthetic, for example, through dramatic enactments of history and fantasy, and through musical exercises that were reminiscent of the patterns found on ancient Greek vases, depicting figures moving in parallel patterns. These parallel patterns could be found in later Nerdrum work, as can a sensibility for iconographic images and costume.

Jens Bjørneboe, a grade school mentor said Nerdrum even at that age exhibited tendencies of innate talent, industry, but also impatience with those with less abilities than himself.

Artistic study

Nerdrum began study at the Art Academy of Oslo, but became dissatisfied with the direction of modern art, and began to teach himself how to paint in a Neo Baroque style, with the guidance of Rembrandt's technique and work as a primary influence. In doing so he placed himself in direct opposition to most aspects of the school, including his primary painting instructor, his fellow students, and a curriculum designed to have Norway seen as a country with an up-to-date artistic culture. He, in his own words was chased from the academy after a two year period like a "scroungy mutt". He later studied with Joseph Beuys, at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.

Direction

Early work 1964-1982

Nerdrum's work from the first twenty years of his artistic life consisted of large canvasses, generally polemic in nature, that refuted some accepted social or economic view point. The work from this period was highly representational and detailed in nature with often careful attention to contemporary references, such as in clothing, or in the model of a bicycle as in the painting The Arrest. Vine notes that, Nerdrum's influence was not as might be expected given the themes of the work, the ideological Ashcan school movement, whose painters under the leadership of the American artist and teacher, Robert Henri, sought to describe as true art, the often difficult, everyday reality that the common man faces as part of an urban existence in America.

Nerdrum's influences predate the Ashcan school, although similar in subject matter. In 1968, Nerdrum had viewed for the first time the works of Caravaggio whose psychologically intense work, use of cross lighting, strongly suggested shadow that implied three dimensionality, and use of the faces of real, everyday people impacted him intensely, and provided one of the major influences for his work of this time period. He would revisit Italy and Caravaggio's work for on-going inspiration for many years.

As well, Nerdrum was a reader of visionary literature that included his early encounters with Rudolf Steiner, the prophetic William Blake , the dark Dostoyevsky, and the mystical Swedenborg. This would influence him towards a more vertical sensibility rather than the linear Marxist view based on revolution that influenced most artists with socially reformist sensibilities.

As a young student Nerdrum had encountered the works of the master painters in the National Museum. In particular, Rembrandt's, The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis (1661) acted as a powerful antidote to his sensibilities. His disillusionment with modern art, such as Rauschenberg's Monogram, a stuffed goat with a tire around its middle section standing on a flat, littered surface, that Nerdrum had encountered in Moderna Museet, filled the young artist with disgust. These influences both positive and negative would impact all of Nerdrum's work. The end of Nerdrum's more contemporary scene-like work, and the movement towards more Rembrandt-like painting elements revolved around the enormous (11x16¾ foot) Refugees At Sea(1979-1980). Nerdrum, according to Vine, later considered the work to be naive in the sense that Rousseau defines the word, in which mankind is seen as innocent and innately good. In the painting Nerdrum endows the refugees, 27 Vietnamese boat people, with heroic stature, but in a highly sentimentalized manner that Nerdrum later described as "cloying".

Change in Direction

In 1981 Nerdrum created a seminal work that would serve to indicate a change in direction from the sentimental view of Refugees at Sea to a more stark, unadorned view of reality. Twilight a rear view of a young woman alone in a wooded landscape defecating, offers nothing sentimental or ideal in its betrayal, but instead offers a stripped away view of life and reality.

Paintings were no longer as multi-figured as they had been with Refugees at Sea, and still lifes were of individual objects such as a brick or loaf of bread. The individuals who now populated Nerdrum’s painting were imbibed with great quite and stillness, but as Vine says, additionally, were vitally alive evoking a cosmic oneness, but yet did not transcend individuality.

These figures, as types rather than endowed with features or apparent stories that might distinguish them as individual, were costumed in garments that seemed timeless: furs, skins, leather caps, rather than in clothing that would link the viewer to a specific time and place.

Archetypal-like, these beings, inhabited pre-social, apocalyptic-like circumstances that included stark, severe landscapes, a reference to some place beyond our own time and space.

Painting technique

Nerdrum's approach to painting is based on traditional methods: mixing and grinding his own pigments, working on canvas stretched by himself or assistants rather than on pre-stretched canvas, and working from live models who were in many cases members of his family or himself.

Influences

Rembrandt and Caravaggio are primary influences, but secondary influences include the masters Mosaccio, Leonardo de Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian, and the less obvious influences, according to Vine and either mentioned by Nerdrum himself or other critics, that include Brueghel, Goya, Chardin, Millet, as well the even less apparent Henry Fuseli, Caspar David Friedrich, Ferdinand Hoddler, Edvard Munch, Kathee Kollwitz, and Lars Hertervig.

Nerdrum's work as inspiration

A well known 2000 horror film, The Cell, contains a scene that was heavily influenced by Nerdrum's 1990 painting, Dawn. The scene features three identical figures sitting down, looking upwards with pained, trance-like expressions on their faces. Director Tarsem Singh in the film's audio commentary says that the painting was the inspiration for the scene's imagery. Singh had seen the painting while visiting the owner of the painting, David Bowie.

Nerdrum also created the cover of the progressive rock band, Junipher Greene's LP, Friendship (1971).

Drawings and Prints

Odd Nerdrum prints are based on his paintings. An etching entitled Baby is based on a painting of the same title from 1982. Nerdrum refers to his highly finished, charcoal drawings as "paintings" Often his drawings are quite large in scale and are works in their own right, as well as being studies for future paintings.

Collections

His work is in several important public collections including the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, DC, The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, NY, The National Gallery in Oslo, Norway, The New Orleans Museum in LA, The Portland Art Museum in OR, The San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art in CA, and The Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, MN.

Exhibitions

Kunstnerforbundet 1967-70-73 Oslo-76-84

Galleri 27 Oslo 1972

The Bedford Way Gallery 1982

Martina Hamilton Gallery 1984

Delaware Art Museum Wilmington 1985

The Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago IL 1988

Lemberg Gallery Birmingham 1991 MI

Gothenburg art Museum Sweden 1991

Bergen Art Museum Norway 1992

Edward Thorp Gallery New-York 1992

New Orleans Museum of Art 1994

Forum Gallery, New-York 1996

Frye Art Museum, Seattle, 1997

Astrup Fearnley Museum, Oslo Norway 1998

Kunsthal Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1999

Amos Andersson Museum, Finland 1999

Young Classic, Harry Bergman Gallery, Alands Art museum 2000 Finland

Forum Gallery, New-York and Los Angeles 2002

Forum Gallery, New-York and Los Angeles 2004

Forum Gallery, Los Angeles 2006

Forum Gallery, New-York January 2007

Forum Gallery, New-York May 2007

Reviews

"There are more men than women here, but sexual pairing seems to occur only in death (or a sleep resembling death). Which is not to say desire is nowhere present. It is everywhere. If anything makes these pictures compelling, it's their consistent fascination with the human body. The images--of paired corpses, madmen, men in pain, a man without eyes--may be frightful and abhorrent, but every limb and torso is lovingly rendered. Pale, muscular, sexual, the figures are painted so that one must take them seriously--in much the same way that it is music that grounds the otherwise bizarre stage spectacles of Wagnerian opera."

Odd Nerdrum by Justin Spring, part of a review first published in Artforum International, April 1, 1993

Bibliography

Odd Nerdrum and Richard Vine. Odd Nerdrum: paintings, sketches and drawings. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Fakta, 2001. ISBN 8248901211.

Odd Nerdrum and Jan-Erik Ebbestad Hansen. Odd Nerdrum: paintings. Oslo, Norway: Aschehoug, 1995. ISBN 8203260632.

Odd Nerdrum, Jan Åke Pettersson and Astrup Fearnley Museet for Moderne Kunst. Odd Nerdrum: storyteller and self-revealer. Oslo, Norway: Astrup Fearnley museet for moderne kunst: Aschehoug, 1999. ISBN 8203222722.

Odd Nerdrum, Richard Vine, E John Bullard and New Orleans Museum of Art. Odd Nerdrum, the drawings. New Orleans, LA: New Orleans Museum of Art, 1994. ISBN 0894940473.