Sanctions

Involving countries:

• Economic sanctions, typically a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine)
• International sanctions, punitive measures adopted by a country or group of countries against another nation for political reasons
• Pragmatic sanction, historically, a sovereign's solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law
• Trade sanctions, economic sanctions applied for non-political reasons, typically as part of a trade dispute, or for purely economic reasons, and typically involving tariffs or similar measures, rather than bans

In other uses:

• Sanctions (law), penalties imposed by courts
• Sanctions, mechanisms of social control