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List of Canadian plants by genus

Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.

Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. N indicated native and X indicated exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z

Ab

Abies

N Abies amabilis — Pacific silver fir, amabilis fir
N Abies balsamea — balsam fir
N Abies grandis — grand fir
N Abies lasiocarpa — subalpine fir

Abutilon

X Abutilon theophrasti — velvetleaf, butterprint, Indian mallow

Ac

Acalypha

N Acalypha virginica — Virginia copperleaf, Virginia threeseed mercury

Acanthospermum

X Acanthospermum hispidum — hispid greenstripe

Acer

X Acer campestre — hedge maple, field maple
X Acer ginnala — Amur maple, ginnala maple
N Acer negundo — Manitoba maple, box-elder, ashleaf maple
N Acer nigrum — black maple, black sugar maple, rock maple
N Acer pensylvanicum — striped maple, moose maple, goosefoot maple
X Acer platanoides — Norway maple, Schwedler maple, crimson king maple
X Acer pseudoplatanus — sycamore maple, Scottish maple, great maple
N Acer rubrum — red maple, swamp maple, scarlet maple
N Acer saccharinum — silver maple, soft maple, white maple, silverleaf maple, river maple
N Acer saccharum — sugar maple, hard maple
N Acer spicatum — mountain maple
N Acer × freemanii (A. rubrum × A. saccharinum) — Freeman's maple

Achillea

X Achillea filipendulina — fernleaf yarrow
N Achillea millefolium subsp. borealis — northern yarrow
N Achillea millefolium subsp. lanulosa — woolly yarrow
X Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium — common yarrow, milfoil
X Achillea ptarmica — false sneezewort, white tansy, sneezewort yarrow, pearl yarrow
N Achillea sibirica — Siberian yarrow, many-flowered yarrow

Acinos

X Acinos arvensis — mother-of-thyme, spring savoury, basil thyme

Aconitum

X Aconitum napellus — garden monk's-hood, helmet flower, Venus' chariot, aconite
X Aconitum variegatum — Manchurian monk's-hood
X Aconitum × bicolor (A. napellus × A. variegatum) — hybrid monk's-hood, two-coloured wolf's-bane

Acorus

N Acorus americanus — sweetflag
X Acorus calamus — European sweetflag

Acroptilon

X Acroptilon repens — Russian knapweed

Actaea

N Actaea pachypoda — white baneberry, doll's-eyes
N Actaea rubra — red baneberry
N Actaea × ludovici (A. pachypoda × A. rubra) — hybrid baneberry

Adenocaulon

N Adenocaulon bicolor — trail-plant

Adiantum

N Adiantum pedatum — northern maidenhair fern, five-finger fern

Adlumia

N Adlumia fungosa — Allegheny vine, climbing fumitory

Adonis

X Adonis annua — pheasant's-eye

Adoxa

N Adoxa moschatellina — moschatel, muskroot, townhall clock

Ae

Aegopodium

X Aegopodium podagraria — goutweed, snow-on-the-mountain, goat's-foot, ground elder, bishop's weed

Aesculus

N Aesculus glabra — Ohio buckeye, fœtid buckeye
X Aesculus hippocastanum — common horsechestnut

Aethusa

X Aethusa cynapium — fool's-parsley

Ag

Agalinis

N Agalinis gattingeri — Gattinger's agalinis Endangered
N Agalinis paupercula — small-flowered purple false-foxglove, small-flowered agalinis
N Agalinis purpurea — purple false foxglove, large purple agalinis
N Agalinis skinneriana — Skinner's agalinis Endangered
N Agalinis tenuifolia — slenderleaf purple false foxglove, slenderleaf agalinis

Agastache

N Agastache foeniculum — anise hyssop, blue giant hyssop
N Agastache nepetoides — yellow giant hyssop
N Agastache scrophulariifolia — purple giant hyssop

Agoseris

N Agoseris glauca — pale false-dandelion, prairie agoseris, pale agoseris, pale goat-chicory, large-flowered false-dandelion

Agrimonia

X Agrimonia eupatoria — medicinal agrimony, church steeples, European groovebur
N Agrimonia gryposepala — tall hairy agrimony, tall hairy groovebur
N Agrimonia parviflora — smallflower groovebur, harvestlice agrimony
N Agrimonia pubescens — soft groovebur, soft agrimony
N Agrimonia striata — woodland agrimony, grooved agrimony

Agropyron

X Agropyron cristatum — crested wheatgrass

Agrostemma

X Agrostemma githago — common corncockle

Agrostis

? Agrostis canina — brown bentgrass
X Agrostis capillaris — colonial bentgrass, browntop, Prince Edward Island bentgrass, Rhode Island bentgrass
X Agrostis gigantea — black bentgrass, redtop
N Agrostis hyemalis — winter bentgrass, ticklegrass
N Agrostis mertensii — northern bentgrass
N Agrostis perennans — upland bentgrass, perennial bentgrass
N Agrostis scabra — rough bentgrass, tickle grass, rough hairgrass, twin bentgrass
N Agrostis stolonifera — creeping bentgrass, spreading bentgrass

Ai

Ailanthus

X Ailanthus altissima — tree-of-Heaven, Chinese sumac, stinktree, varnish tree

Aj

Ajuga

X Ajuga genevensis — Geneva bugleweed
X Ajuga reptans — carpet bugleweed, common bugle, creeping bugleweed

Al

Alcea

X Alcea pallida — pale hollyhock
X Alcea rosea — hollyhock

Alchemilla

X Alchemilla filicaulis — thin-stemmed lady's-mantle
X Alchemilla monticola — hairy lady's-mantle

Aletris

N Aletris farinosa — colicroot Threatened

Alisma

N Alisma gramineum — grass-leaved water-plantain
N Alisma subcordatum — southern water-plantain
N Alisma triviale — northern water-plantain

Alliaria

X Alliaria petiolata — garlic mustard, hedge garlic

Allium

N Allium burdickii — narrow-leaved wild leek
N Allium canadense — Canada wild onion, meadow garlic, meadow onion
N Allium cernuum — nodding onion
X Allium oleraceum — wild garlic
X Allium sativum — garlic
X Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum — chives
N Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum — Siberian chives
N Allium stellatum — prairie onion, wild onion
N Allium tricoccum — wild leek, small wild leek, ramps
X Allium vineale — field garlic

Alnus

X Alnus glutinosa — black alder, European alder
N Alnus incana — grey alder, white alder, hoary alder, speckled alder
N Alnus viridis — green alder, mountain alder, American green alder, Siberian alder, Sitka alder

Alopecurus

N Alopecurus aequalis — shortawn foxtail
N Alopecurus alpinus — alpine foxtail
X Alopecurus geniculatus — water foxtail
X Alopecurus pratensis — meadow foxtail

Althaea

X Althaea hirsuta — hairy marsh-mallow
X Althaea officinalis — common marsh-mallow

Alyssum

X Alyssum alyssoides — pale alyssum, small alyssum, yellow alyssum, pale madwort
X Alyssum murale — yellow-tuft

Am

Amaranthus

X Amaranthus albus — white tumbleweed, tumble pigweed, tumbleweed amaranth
X Amaranthus blitoides — prostrate amaranth, prostrate pigweed, matweed
X Amaranthus blitum — purple amaranth
X Amaranthus cruentus — blood amaranth, purple amaranth, red amaranth, caterpillar amaranth, African spinach
X Amaranthus hybridus — smooth amaranth, hybrid amaranth, green pigweed, smooth pigweed, green amaranth
X Amaranthus palmeri — Palmer's amaranth
X Amaranthus powellii — green amaranth, Powell's smooth amaranth
X Amaranthus retroflexus — redroot amaranth, redroot pigweed, wild-beet amaranth, rough pigweed
X Amaranthus spinosus — spiny amaranth
N Amaranthus tuberculatus — roughfruit amaranth, roughfruit waterhemp, tall waterhemp, tall pigweed

Ambrosia

N Ambrosia artemisiifolia — common ragweed, annual ragweed, annual bur-sage
N Ambrosia psilostachya — perennial ragweed, western ragweed, naked-spike ambrosia, Cuman ragweed
N Ambrosia trifida — giant ragweed, great ragweed, buffalo-weed, skeleton-leaf bur-sage

Amelanchier

N Amelanchier alnifolia — Saskatoonberry, northwestern serviceberry
N Amelanchier arborea — downy serviceberry, downy juneberry, common serviceberry
N Amelanchier bartramiana — mountain juneberry, Bartram's shadbush, Bartram's chuckleypear
N Amelanchier canadensis — Canada serviceberry, swamp shadbush, thicket serviceberry
N Amelanchier humilis — low serviceberry, running serviceberry
N Amelanchier laevis — smooth juneberry, Allegheny serviceberry, smooth chuckleypear
N Amelanchier sanguinea var. gaspensis — Gaspé roundleaf juneberry
N Amelanchier sanguinea var. sanguinea — roundleaf juneberry, roundleaf serviceberry, Fernald's chuckleypear
N Amelanchier stolonifera — running serviceberry, running juneberry, running chuckleypear
N Amelanchier × intermedia (A. arborea × A. canadensis) — swamp sugarpear
N Amelanchier × neglecta (A. bartramiana × A. laevis) — hybrid juneberry
N Amelanchier × quinti-martii (A. arborea × A. bartramiana) — Quint-mart's serviceberry
N Amelanchier × wiegandii (A. arborea × A. sanguinea) — Wiegand's serviceberry

Amerorchis

N Amerorchis rotundifolia — small roundleaf orchis, oneleaf orchid

Ammannia

N Ammannia robusta — scarlet ammannia Endangered

Ammophila

N Ammophila breviligulata — American beachgrass

Amorpha

N Amorpha canescens — leadplant, downy indigobush
N Amorpha fruticosa — false indigo

Amphicarpaea

N Amphicarpaea bracteata — American hog-peanut

An

Anagallis

X Anagallis arvensis — scarlet pimpernel

Anaphalis

N Anaphalis margaritacea — pearly everlasting

Anchusa

X Anchusa arvensis — small bugloss, annual bugloss, alkanet
X Anchusa officinalis — common bugloss

Andromeda

N Andromeda glaucophylla — bog rosemary, rosemary-leaf marsh andromeda
N Andromeda polifolia var. jamesiana — James Bay bog rosemary
N Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia — northern bog rosemary, marsh holyrose

Andropogon

N Andropogon gerardii — big bluestem, turkeyfoot
N Andropogon virginicus — broom-sedge

Androsace

? Androsace occidentalis — western rock-jasmine
N Androsace septentrionalis — pygmy-flower rock-jasmine, northern androsace

Anemone

N Anemone acutiloba — sharp-lobed hepatica, sharp-lobed liverleaf
N Anemone americana — round-lobed hepatica, American liverleaf
X Anemone blanda
N Anemone canadensis — Canada anemone, roundleaf thimbleweed
N Anemone cylindrica — long-fruited anemone, thimbleweed, candle anemone, long-headed anemone
N Anemone multifida — cutleaf anemone, cliff anemone, early anemone
N Anemone parviflora — northern anemone, small-flowered anemone
N Anemone patens — pasqueflower, prairie smoke, prairie crocus
N Anemone quinquefolia — wood anemone, snow-drops
N Anemone richardsonii — Richardson's anemone, yellow anemone
N Anemone virginiana — tall thimbleweed, riverbank anemone

Anethum

X Anethum graveolens — dill, Indian dill

Angelica

N Angelica atropurpurea — purplestem angelica, dark-purple alexanders, wild masterwort, great angelica
? Angelica lucida — seabeach angelica, shiny angelica
X Angelica sylvestris
? Angelica venenosa — hairy angelica

Anoda

X Anoda cristata — crested anoda

Antennaria

N Antennaria howellii subsp. canadensis — Canada pussytoes
N Antennaria howellii subsp. howellii — Howell's pussytoes
N Antennaria howellii subsp. neodioica — northern pussytoes, common pussytoes
N Antennaria howellii subsp. petaloidea — small pussytoes
N Antennaria microphylla — littleleaf pussytoes
N Antennaria neglecta — field pussytoes
N Antennaria oxyphylla
N Antennaria parlinii subsp. fallax — largeleaf pussytoes, deceitful pussytoes
N Antennaria parlinii subsp. parlinii — Parlin's pussytoes, smooth pussytoes, plainleaf pussytoes
N Antennaria parvifolia — small-leaf pussytoes, Rocky Mountain cudweed, Nuttall's pussytoes
N Antennaria pulcherrima — showy pussytoes, handsome pussytoes
N Antennaria rosea — rosy pussytoes, pink everlasting
N Antennaria subviscosa

Anthemis

X Anthemis arvensis — corn chamomile, field chamomile
X Anthemis cotula — mayweed, stinking chamomile, fœtid chamomile, dog fennel, stinking mayweed
X Anthemis tinctoria — golden chamomile

Anthoxanthum

X Anthoxanthum odoratum — sweet vernalgrass, sweetgrass

Anthriscus

X Anthriscus cerefolium — common chervil
X Anthriscus sylvestris — wild chervil, woodland chervil, cow parsley, beak-chervil

Anthyllis

X Anthyllis vulneraria — kidney vetch, lady's fingers

Antirrhinum

X Antirrhinum majus — common snapdragon
X Antirrhinum orontium — lesser snapdragon

Ap

Apera

X Apera interrupta — dense silky bentgrass, interrupted bentgrass, interrupted windgrass
X Apera spica-venti — silky bentgrass

Apios

N Apios americana — American groundnut, Indian potato, wild bean, potato-bean

Aplectrum

N Aplectrum hyemale — puttyroot

Apocynum

N Apocynum androsaemifolium — spreading dogbane
N Apocynum cannabinum — Indian hemp, clasping-leaf dogbane, prairie dogbane, velvet dogbane, amyroot
N Apocynum sibiricum — clasping-leaved dogbane
N Apocynum × floribundum (A. androsaemifolium × A. cannabinum) — intermediate dogbane, bitter dogbane

Aq

Aquilegia

N Aquilegia brevistyla — small-flowered columbine
N Aquilegia canadensis — Canadian columbine, red columbine
X Aquilegia vulgaris — European columbine, garden columbine, culverwort, capon's feather

Ar

Arabidopsis

X Arabidopsis thaliana — mouse-ear cress, wall-cress

Arabis

N Arabis alpina subsp. alpina — alpine rockcress
X Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica — wall rockcress, grey rockcress
N Arabis arenicola var. arenicola — arctic rockcress
N Arabis arenicola var. pubescens — sand rockcress
N Arabis canadensis — sicklepod
N Arabis divaricarpa — limestone rockcress
N Arabis drummondii — Drummond rockcress
N Arabis glabra — tower-mustard
N Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis — hairy rockcress, creamflower rockcress
N Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa — creamflower rockcress
N Arabis holboelli var. retrofracta — Holboell's rockcress
N Arabis holboelli var. secunda — 'bristly-leaved rockcress
? Arabis kamchatica — lyreleaf rockcress (species status disputed)
N Arabis laevigata — smooth rockcress
N Arabis lyrata — lyreleaf rockcress
N Arabis shortii — Short's rockcress

Aralia

X Aralia elata — Japanese Angelica-tree, Chinese Angelica-tree
N Aralia hispida — bristly spikenard, bristly sarsaparilla, dwarf elder
N Aralia nudicaulis — wild sarsaparilla, small spikenard
N Aralia racemosa — American spikenard, Indian-root, life-of-man, petty morel
X Aralia spinosa — Hercules' club, Devil's walkingstick, prickly ash, Angelica tree, toothache tree

Arceuthobium

N Arceuthobium americanum — pine mistletoe, American mistletoe, lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
N Arceuthobium pusillum — dwarf mistletoe, eastern dwarf mistletoe

Arctagrostis

N Arctagrostis latifolia — polargrass

Arctium

X Arctium lappa — great burdock
X Arctium minus subsp. minus — common burdock
X Arctium minus subsp. nemorosum — lesser burdock
X Arctium pubens — wood burdock
X Arctium tomentosum — woolly burdock, tomentose burdock
X Arctium × nothum (A. lappa × A. minus) — hybrid burdock

Arctophila

N Arctophila fulva — pendant grass

Arctostaphylos

N Arctostaphylos alpina — alpine bearberry
N Arctostaphylos rubra — red manzanita
N Arctostaphylos uva-ursi — bearberry, kinnikinnick, mealberry

Arenaria

N Arenaria humifusa — creeping sandwort, low sandwort, spreading sandwort
X Arenaria serpyllifolia — thymeleaf sandwort

Arethusa

N Arethusa bulbosa — dragon's mouth, swamp pink

Argemone

X Argemone mexicana — Mexican prickly-poppy

Arisaema

N Arisaema dracontium — green dragon Special Concern
N Arisaema triphyllum — Jack-in-the-pulpit

Aristida

N Aristida basiramea — forktip threeawn Endangered
N Aristida dichotoma — Shinner's threeawn
N Aristida longespica var. geniculata — red threeawn
N Aristida longespica var. longespica — slimspike threeawn
X Aristida oligantha — prairie three-awn grass
N Aristida purpurascens — arrow feather threeawn

Aristolochia

X Aristolochia clematitis — birthwort
X Aristolochia macrophylla — pipevine

Armeria

N Armeria maritima — sea thrift, Labrador sea thrift, foxflower

Armoracia

X Armoracia rusticana — horseradish, red cole

Arnica

N Arnica angustifolia — narrowleaf arnica, arctic arnica, arctic leopardbane
N Arnica chamissonis — meadow arnica, Chamisso's arnica, leafy arnica, leafy leopardbane
N Arnica cordifolia — heartleaf arnica, heartleaf leopardbane
N Arnica lonchophylla — northern arnica, longleaf arnica, white-plumed arnica, spearleaf arnica

Arnoglossum

N Arnoglossum platagineum — tuberous Indian-plantain Special Concern

Aronia

N Aronia melanocarpa — black chokeberry

Arrhenatherum

X Arrhenatherum elatius — tall oatgrass, French rye, tuber oatgrass, bulbous oatgrass, false oat grass

Artemisia

X Artemisia abrotanum — southern wormwood, southernwood, lad's love, oldman
X Artemisia absinthium — common wormwood, absinthe, absinthe wormwood, European wormwood
X Artemisia annua — sweet sagewort, annual wormwood, sweet Annie, sweet wormwood, annual mugwort
X Artemisia biennis — biennial wormwood
N Artemisia campestris subsp. borealis — boreal wormwood, Canada wormwood
N Artemisia campestris subsp. caudata — tall wormwood, beach wormwood, wild wormwood, threadleaf sagewort, sagewort wormwood
N Artemisia dracunculus — wild tarragon, dragon wormwood, dragon sagewort, false tarragon, French tarragon, Russian tarragon
N Artemisia frigida — fringed sagebrush, prairie sagebrush, fringed sagewort, prairie sagewort, wormwood sage, pasture sage, arctic sagebrush
N Artemisia ludoviciana — white sage, silver wormwood, prairie sage, western mugwort, darkleaf mugwort, cudweed sagewort, pasture sage, Louisiana wormwood, Louisiana sage, silver king artemisia, white wormwood, white sagebrush
X Artemisia pontica — Roman wormwood, petite wormwood, green ginger
X Artemisia stelleriana — hoary sagebrush, dusty miller, beach wormwood, old woman
N Artemisia tilesii — Tilesius' wormood, mountain sagewort, oldwoman
X Artemisia vulgaris — common mugwort, common wormwood

Aruncus

X Aruncus dioicus — common goat's-beard

As

Asarum

N Asarum canadense — Canada wild ginger

Asclepias

N Asclepias exaltata — poke milkweed, tall milkweed, four-leaved milkweed
N Asclepias hirtella — tall green milkweed
N Asclepias incarnata — swamp milkweed
N Asclepias ovalifolia — oval-leaf milkweed, dwarf milkweed
N Asclepias purpurascens — purple milkweed
N Asclepias quadrifolia — four-leaved milkweed
N Asclepias sullivantii — Sullivant's milkweed
N Asclepias syriaca — common milkweed, silkweed, silky swallow-wort
N Asclepias tuberosa — butterfly weed, orange milkweed, pleurisy root, chigger flower
? Asclepias variegata — white milkweed
N Asclepias verticillata — whorled milkweed
N Asclepias viridiflora — green milkweed, green comet milkweed, short green milkweed

Asimina

N Asimina triloba — common pawpaw

Asparagus

X Asparagus officinalis — garden asparagus, asparagus-fern

Asperugo

X Asperugo procumbens — German madwort, catchweed

Asperula

X Asperula arvensis — blue woodruff

Asplenium

N Asplenium platyneuron — ebony spleenwort
N Asplenium rhizophyllum — walking fern
N Asplenium ruta-muraria — wall-rue
N Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum — American Hart's-tongue fern Special Concern
N Asplenium trichomanes — maidenhair spleenwort
N Asplenium viride — green spleenwort

Aster

N Aster alpinus — alpine aster

Astragalus

N Astragalus adsurgens — ascending milkvetch, rattle milkvetch, standing milkvetch
N Astragalus agrestis — field milkvetch, mile-vetch, cock's-head
N Astragalus alpinus — alpine milkvetch
N Astragalus americanus — American milkvetch
N Astragalus australis — Indian milkvetch
N Astragalus canadensis — Canada milkvetch, Carolina milkvetch
X Astragalus cicer — chickpea milkvetch
N Astragalus eucosmus — elegant milkvetch, pretty milkvetch
X Astragalus glycophyllos — wild liquorice
N Astragalus neglectus — Cooper's milkvetch
N Astragalus tenellus — pulse milkvetch, loose-flower milkvetch

At

Athyrium

N Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum — northern lady fern
N Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum — northwestern lady fern

Atriplex

N Atriplex dioica — thickleaf orache, saline saltbush
N Atriplex glabriuscula — smooth orache, Scotland orache, glabrous orache, northeastern saltbush
X Atriplex heterosperma — two-scale orache
X Atriplex hortensis — garden orache
X Atriplex oblongifolia — oblong-leaf orache
N Atriplex patula — spear orache, spreading orache, spearscale, halberdleaf orache, common orache
N Atriplex prostrata — thinleaf orache, triangle orache, fat-hen
X Atriplex rosea — tumbling orache