Byzantine Empire (330/476/629 to 1453), a Late Antiquity and medieval continuation of the Greek-speaking portion of the Roman Empire
Romaioi (Ρωμαίοι) or Romioi (Ρωμιοί), a self-identification of the Greek-speaking Christian population of the Empire dating to Late Antiquity (the term translates literally to "Roman"), still somewhat in use by Greeks
Holy Roman Empire (c. 900 to 1806), a medieval German-speaking state in Central Europe Geography
Roman alphabet (Latin alphabet), the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans