robot or
automaton mechanical device designed to perform the work generally done by a human being. The Czech dramatist Karel
Čapek popularized the expression [Czech,=compulsory labor] in his play
R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), produced in Prague in 1921. Modern
robotics has produced innumerable devices that replace human personnel, and the term
robot is used to designate much of this machinery. It is used frequently in fiction, referring to a self-controlling machine shaped like a human being. While the concept has been the subject of stories since the
golem of medieval times, it reached its greatest exposure in popular culture with the work of Isaac
Asimov in the 1950s and the motion picture robots Robby in
Forbidden Planet (1956) and C-3PO in
Star Wars (1977).
See G. Wood, Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life (2002).
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