IQ

in full intelligence quotient

Number intended to represent a measure of relative intelligence as determined by the subject's responses to a series of test problems. The IQ was originally computed as the ratio of a person's mental age to his or her chronological (physical) age, multiplied by 100, but use of the concept of mental age has been largely discontinued, and IQ is now generally assessed on the basis of the statistical distribution of scores. The most widely used intelligence tests are the Stanford-Binet test (1916), for children, and the Wechsler test (1939), originally for adults but now also for children. A score above 130 is considered to reflect “giftedness,” while a score below 70 is considered to reflect mental impairment or intellectual disability. Intelligence tests have provoked great controversy, particularly about what kinds of mental ability constitute intelligence and whether IQ adequately represents these abilities, and about cultural and class bias in test construction and standardization procedures.

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In mathematics, a quotient is the result of a division. For example, when dividing 6 by 3, the quotient is 2, while 6 is called the dividend, and 3 the divisor. The quotient can also be expressed as the number of times the divisor divides into the dividend.

A quotient can also mean just the integer part of the result of dividing two integers. For example, the quotient of 13 ÷ 5 would be 2 while the remainder would be 3. For more, see the division algorithm.

In more abstract branches of mathematics, the word quotient is often used to describe sets, spaces, or algebraic structures whose elements are the equivalence classes of some equivalence relation on another set, space, or algebraic structure. See:

• quotient set
• quotient group
• quotient ring
• quotient space (linear algebra)
• quotient space of a topological space
• quotient object
• right quotient and left quotient (operations on formal languages)

The quotient rule is a method for finding derivatives in calculus.

Quotients also come up in certain tests, like the IQ test, which stands for intelligence quotient. In this case, your quotient is basically your score. In recent decades, as people begin to emphasize on full personal development, other similar quotients appeared. These include moral quotient, emotional quotient, adversity quotient, creativity quotient, etc.

See also

• Ratio