Potter, Alonzo, 1800-1865, American Episcopal bishop, b. near Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Ordained a priest in 1824, he served (1826-31) as rector of St. Paul's Church in Boston. In 1831 he became professor of philosophy and political economy at Union College; he was its vice president from 1838 to 1845. As bishop of Pennsylvania (1845-65), he founded in Philadelphia an Episcopal hospital (1860) and a divinity school (1863). His notable Lowell Lectures, delivered in Boston, appeared posthumously as Religious Philosophy (1872).

Potter, Beatrix, 1866-1943, English author and illustrator. She published her first animal stories, The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902) and The Tailor of Gloucester (1903), at her own expense before she found a publisher, Frederick Warne & Company. Over a period of 30 years, Warne published 23 of her books. Potter's stories, although fantasy, depict animals in an intelligent, unsentimental, and humorous manner. The books are enhanced by her delicate drawings and watercolor paintings. Now considered classics, Potter's stories are still popular and have been translated into several languages.

Potter, Henry Codman, 1835-1908, American Episcopal bishop, b. Schenectady, N.Y., son of Alonzo Potter. He was ordained a priest in 1858 and served in churches in Troy, N.Y., and Boston before he became (1868) rector of Grace Church in New York City. In 1883 he was consecrated bishop coadjutor of New York, assisting his uncle, Bishop Horatio Potter, whom he succeeded in 1887. The first stages in the building of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City were initiated by Bishop Potter. He was actively interested in social improvement and civic reform; among his writings are The Citizen in Relation to the Industrial Situation (1902) and The Drink Problem in Modern Life (1905).

Potter, Paul or Paulus, 1625-54, Dutch animal and landscape painter and etcher. In The Hague he enjoyed the patronage of the prince of Nassau, for whom he painted the celebrated life-sized Young Bull (1647; Mauritshuis, The Hague). He moved to Amsterdam in 1652. In his brief life Potter painted over 175 pictures, considered the finest animal paintings of the Dutch school. He was also able to render landscape with a sensitive feeling for atmosphere. His works are to be seen in many important European collections. Well-known examples are Bear Hunt and Shepherds with Their Flocks (Rijks Mus.), Landscape with Cattle (National Gall., London), and Meadow with Oxen (Louvre). His etchings of animals are characterized by the same simplicity and naturalism as his paintings.

Stewart, Potter, 1915-85, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1958-81), b. Jackson, Mich. After receiving (1941) his law degree from Yale, he was admitted to the Ohio bar. He later practiced law in Cincinnati. A U.S. Circuit Court judge from 1954 to 1958, he was appointed by President Eisenhower to replace Harold H. Burton on the Supreme Court. An advocate of the careful exercise of judicial review, Stewart limited his decisions to narrow questions of law and rarely ruled on broad constitutional issues.

(born Jan. 23, 1915, Jackson, Mich., U.S.—died Dec. 7, 1985, Hanover, N.H.) U.S. jurist. He studied law at Yale University and was admitted to the bar in New York and Ohio in 1941. After settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, he served on the city council and as vice mayor before his appointment to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1954. In 1958 Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him to the Supreme Court of the United States, where he served until 1981. A moderate, he wrote the majority opinion in the Shelton v. Tucker case, which held unconstitutional the requirement that teachers list all the associations to which they belong, and also wrote a memorable dissent in Miranda v. Arizona, in which he argued that the court's decision provided too much protection to defendants and undermined the ability of the police to enforce the law. He is perhaps best remembered for summarizing the difficulty in defining obscenity, writing in a concurring opinion that “I know it when I see it.”

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(born July 28, 1866, South Kensington, Middlesex, Eng.—died Dec. 22, 1943, Sawrey, Lancashire) English author and illustrator of children's books. In her childhood Potter spent holidays in Scotland and the English Lake District, which inspired her love of animals and stimulated her imaginative and technically superb watercolour drawings. The illustrated animal stories she sent to a sick child when she was 27 were published as The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902), which became one of the best-selling children's books of all time. More than 20 sequels followed, featuring such original characters as Jeremy Fisher, Squirrel Nutkin, Jemima Puddle-Duck, and Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle.

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(born Jan. 23, 1915, Jackson, Mich., U.S.—died Dec. 7, 1985, Hanover, N.H.) U.S. jurist. He studied law at Yale University and was admitted to the bar in New York and Ohio in 1941. After settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, he served on the city council and as vice mayor before his appointment to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1954. In 1958 Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him to the Supreme Court of the United States, where he served until 1981. A moderate, he wrote the majority opinion in the Shelton v. Tucker case, which held unconstitutional the requirement that teachers list all the associations to which they belong, and also wrote a memorable dissent in Miranda v. Arizona, in which he argued that the court's decision provided too much protection to defendants and undermined the ability of the police to enforce the law. He is perhaps best remembered for summarizing the difficulty in defining obscenity, writing in a concurring opinion that “I know it when I see it.”

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(born Oct. 22, 1821, Harwinton, Conn., U.S.—died Aug. 13, 1900, Raquette Lake, N.Y.) U.S. railroad magnate. He worked as a peddler before becoming a prosperous merchant in Oneonta, N.Y. In the gold rush year of 1849, he moved to Sacramento, Calif., and joined Mark Hopkins in a firm that specialized in miners' supplies. In the late 1850s he became interested in a plan to link California with the eastern U.S. by rail. In 1861 he joined Hopkins, Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker (1822–1888)—a group later known as the “Big Four”—to form the Central Pacific Railroad. During its construction (1863–69), Huntington lobbied for the company in the east, securing financing and favourable legislation from the federal government. In 1865 the Big Four formed the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1869 Huntington bought the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which he later extended to link with the Southern Pacific, forming the first transcontinental railroad. He became president of the Southern Pacific–Central Pacific system in 1890.

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(born Aug. 5, 1889, Savannah, Ga., U.S.—died Aug. 17, 1973, Savannah) U.S. writer. Aiken was traumatized as a child when his father killed Aiken's mother and then himself. Educated at Harvard University, Aiken wrote most of his fiction in the 1920s and '30s. His works are influenced by early psychoanalytic theory. Generally more successful than his novels were his short stories, notably “Strange Moonlight” from Bring! Bring! (1925) and “Silent Snow, Secret Snow” and “Mr. Arcularis” from Among the Lost People (1934). His best poetry, including “Preludes to Definition,” is in his Collected Poems (1953).

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(born Oct. 22, 1821, Harwinton, Conn., U.S.—died Aug. 13, 1900, Raquette Lake, N.Y.) U.S. railroad magnate. He worked as a peddler before becoming a prosperous merchant in Oneonta, N.Y. In the gold rush year of 1849, he moved to Sacramento, Calif., and joined Mark Hopkins in a firm that specialized in miners' supplies. In the late 1850s he became interested in a plan to link California with the eastern U.S. by rail. In 1861 he joined Hopkins, Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker (1822–1888)—a group later known as the “Big Four”—to form the Central Pacific Railroad. During its construction (1863–69), Huntington lobbied for the company in the east, securing financing and favourable legislation from the federal government. In 1865 the Big Four formed the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1869 Huntington bought the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which he later extended to link with the Southern Pacific, forming the first transcontinental railroad. He became president of the Southern Pacific–Central Pacific system in 1890.

Learn more about Huntington, Collis P(otter) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born Aug. 5, 1889, Savannah, Ga., U.S.—died Aug. 17, 1973, Savannah) U.S. writer. Aiken was traumatized as a child when his father killed Aiken's mother and then himself. Educated at Harvard University, Aiken wrote most of his fiction in the 1920s and '30s. His works are influenced by early psychoanalytic theory. Generally more successful than his novels were his short stories, notably “Strange Moonlight” from Bring! Bring! (1925) and “Silent Snow, Secret Snow” and “Mr. Arcularis” from Among the Lost People (1934). His best poetry, including “Preludes to Definition,” is in his Collected Poems (1953).

Learn more about Aiken, Conrad (Potter) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Potter is a village in Cheyenne County, Nebraska, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 390.

On July 6, 1928 the then world's largest hailstone fell in Potter - the diameter was 5½ inches, and it weighed 1½ pounds. When cut in half it was found to be a single hailstone rather than several frozen together.

The Tin-Roof Sundae was invented in Potter.

Geography

Potter is located at (41.217830, -103.314788).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²), all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 390 people, 159 households, and 104 families residing in the village. The population density was 799.0 people per square mile (307.3/km²). There were 170 housing units at an average density of 348.3/sq mi (134.0/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.95% White, 0.26% Native American, 0.77% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.

There were 159 households out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village the population was spread out with 31.0% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $37,000. Males had a median income of $26,932 versus $24,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,344. About 13.5% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 20.8% of those age 65 or over.

References

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