pop art, a movement that first emerged in Great Britain at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract expressionism. British and American pop artists employed a common imagery found in comic strips, soup cans, and Coke bottles to express formal abstract relationships. By this means they provided a meeting ground where artist and layman could come to terms with art. Incorporating techniques of sign painting and commercial art into their work, as well as commercial literary imagery, pop artists such as Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol attempted to fuse elements of popular and high culture to erase the boundaries between the two.

Nonalcoholic beverage, usually carbonated, consisting of water (soda water), flavouring, and a sweet syrup or artificial sweetener. Attempts to reproduce the natural effervescence of certain spring waters for presumed health benefits began before 1700. Joseph Priestley's experiments with “fixed air” (carbon dioxide) led in the late 1790s to the successful preparation of carbonated “mineral water” by Jacob Schweppe of Geneva; by the early 1800s it was being bottled and sold commercially. Today there are hundreds of varieties of flavoured soft drinks. Some of the world's largest corporations (including Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo) founded their businesses on soft-drink manufacturing.

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orig. Glenn Scobey Warner

(born April 5, 1871, Springfield, N.Y., U.S.—died Sept. 7, 1954, Palo Alto, Calif.) U.S. college football coach. At the Carlisle (Pa.) Indian School (1898–1904, 1906–15), he coached Jim Thorpe, one of football's greatest players. He also coached at the University of Pittsburgh (1915–23) and Stanford University (1924–32). Warner perfected the single- and double-wing formations (now rarely used); these and other innovations helped refine the modern game. In 46 seasons (1895–1940) his teams won 312 games, lost 104, and tied 32.

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