A Non-property system is an economic system in which there is no concept of property. No individual or group is given superior rights to control any particular resource. Such a system is maintained by agreement within the society to encourage normative bahaviors governing resource creation and distribution, conflict resolution, and support and protection of the elderly, infirmed, and children.

This system is unlike socialist systems like communism, where there is group ownership by the state. This system is also different from a barter system, where property rights are central to the idea behind barter and exchange. Under this system, there is no property at all. This system is incompatible with capitalism which is dependent on the idea of property to function.

This system appears is in the futuristic fictional books and short stories by Iain Banks called the Culture series.

Within the division of economic systems from hands-on (egalitarianism, state controlled) to hand-off (private property, individual freedom), this system has characteristics that appear on both ends of the spectrum. Without property, the ideal of individual freedom is paramount, but coupled with traditions of compassion. The Non-property system also has a the distinct characteristic of complete autonomy of society members to form voluntary groups and determine what gets produced.