Milstein, César, 1927-2002, Anglo-Argentine immunologist, Ph.D. Cambridge, 1960. He worked (1961-63) at the National Institute of Microbiology, Buenos Aires, but following a military coup he resigned and returned to Cambridge, where he joined the staff of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, serving as its deputy director from 1988 to 1995, when he retired. In 1975, with Georges Köhler, he developed the hybridoma technique for producing monoclonal antibodies, pure, mass-produced antibodies that recognize only one antigen (see immunity). Their method for monoclonal antibody production has since been adopted universally, and such antibodies are used in laboratory research, in medical diagnostics, and in medical treatments to neutralize bacterial toxins. In 1984, Milstein (with Köhler and Niels K. Jerne) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Milstein, Nathan, 1904-92, Russian violinist, b. Odessa. Milstein attended the music school in Odessa before entering the St. Petersburg conservatory, where he studied under Leopold Auer. He toured Russia from 1920 to 1926. Milstein left Russia (1926) for Paris, where his reputation brought him engagements throughout Europe. Moving to the United States in 1928, he made his debut (1929) with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. He made numerous world tours and was known for the precision of his technique and the discriminating taste of his interpretation.

Milstein may refer to:

• Nathan Milstein (1903-1992), Ukrainian-born violinist
• César Milstein (1927-2002), Argentine scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine