Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is an anthelmintic drug that does not resemble other antiparasitic compounds. It is a synthetic organic compound which is highly specific for several parasites and does not contain any toxic metallic elements.

Uses

DEC is indicated for treatment of individual patients with certain filarial diseases. These diseases include: lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, or Brugia timori; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis.

In cases of onchocerciasis, another common filarial parasite, the drug is not used. This is because of the intense and unbearable itching associated with the dead subcutaneous parasites.

DEC continues to be the mainstay for treatment of patients with lymphatic filariasis and loiasis. DEC is also used in the prevention of dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis.

Mechanism

DEC is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in filarial microfilaria. This makes the microfilaria more susceptible to immune attack.

Trade names

• Hetrazan
• Carbilazine
• Caricide
• Cypip
• Ethodryl
• Notézine
• Spatonin
• Filaribits
• Banocide Forte