Berman uses Goethe's Faust as a literary interpretation of modernization, through the processes of dreaming, loving and developing. In the second section he uses Marxist texts to analyze the self-destructive nature of modernization. In the third section French poetry (especially Baudelaire) is used as model of modernist writing, followed by a selection of Russian literature (Pushkin, Biely, Gogol and Mandelstam) in the fourth section. The book concludes with some notes on modernism in New York during the 1960s and 1970s.