Lodge, Thomas, 1558?-1625, English writer, grad. Oxford, 1577. After abandoning the study of law for literature, he published (c.1580) his defense of poetry and other arts, usually called Honest Excuses, in reply to the attacks made by Stephen Gosson in The School of Abuse. Lodge wrote in nearly every form of literature. His pamphlets include Alarm against Usurers (1584) and Wits Misery and World's Madness (1596). He wrote several euphuistic romances, the best of which are Scillaes Metamorphosis (1589), a source of Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis; Rosalynde (1590), Shakespeare's source for As You Like It; and A Margarite of America (1596). Phillis (1593), a collection of amorous sonnets, is his chief volume of verse. He also wrote plays and a book of verse satires, A Fig for Momus (1595). Lodge pursued several careers in addition to his literary efforts. He sailed on a few expeditions, the most notable being the Thomas Cavendish expedition to South America in 1591. He received a medical degree from Avignon in 1598 and another from Oxford in 1603. He wrote very little original work during his later life, devoting himself primarily to translating and to the practice of medicine.

Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph, 1851-1940, English physicist, grad. University College, London (B.S., 1875; D.Sc., 1877). He made valuable contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy and conducted research on electrons, the ether, and lightning. From 1881 to 1900 he was professor of physics at University College, Liverpool, and from 1900 to 1919 principal of the Univ. of Birmingham. In 1902 he was knighted. Lodge was greatly interested in reconciling science and religion and was an ardent believer in spiritualism and in survival after death. His writings on both physical and psychical research are listed in Bibliography of Sir Oliver Lodge (1935), compiled by Theodore Besterman.

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-85, American public official and diplomat, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1937-44, 1947-53), b. Nahant, Mass.; grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge. He was a journalist on the Boston Evening Transcript and then on the New York Herald Tribune until 1931 and a member of the Massachusetts legislature from 1933 to 1936. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1936 and reelected in 1942, he served until his resignation to enter the army in World War II. Lodge was returned to the Senate in 1946, but in 1952, despite the nationwide Republican landslide, he was defeated by the Democrat John F. Kennedy. An early supporter of Dwight D. Eisenhower (he was his campaign manager in 1952), he was then appointed (1953) U.S. representative at the United Nations, serving until 1960. In 1960, he was the Republican candidate for Vice President on the unsuccessful ticket headed by Richard M. Nixon. He served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam in 1963-64 and again from 1965 to 1967, was (1968-69) ambassador to West Germany, and was (1969) chief U.S. representative to the Paris peace talks on Vietnam. He wrote The Stream Has Many Eyes (1973), a personal memoir.

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850-1924, U.S. Senator (1893-1924), b. Boston. He was admitted to the bar in 1876. Before beginning his long career in the U.S. Senate he edited (1873-76) the North American Review, was lecturer (1876-79) on American history at Harvard, and edited (1880-81) the International Review with John Torrey Morse. He was (1880-81) a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives and was (1887-93) a U.S. Representative. He also wrote some historical works, as well as biographies of his great-grandfather George Cabot (1877), of Alexander Hamilton (1882), of Daniel Webster (1883), and of George Washington (1889); he edited an edition of the works of Hamilton (9 vol., 1885). As a Senator he was a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt, welcomed war with Spain in 1898, and favored the acquisition of the Philippines and the development of a strong army and navy. A conservative party-line Republican, he supported the gold standard and a high protective tariff, was a bitter opponent of President Wilson's peace policy, and, as chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, opposed U.S. entry into the League of Nations unless specified and highly limiting reservations were made to protect U.S. interests. He later opposed U.S. entry into the World Court. In 1920 he was one of the group of Senators who brought about Warren G. Harding's nomination.

Lodge, David, 1935-, English novelist and critic, b. London, grad. University College, London (B.A., M.A.) and the Univ. of Birmingham (Ph.D.). Lodge taught at the Univ. of Birmingham (1960-87), during which time he wrote studies of Graham Greene (1966) and Evelyn Waugh (1971). His works of criticism, which deal mainly with modern literary theory, include The Language of Fiction (1966), The Modes of Modern Writing (1977), Working with Structuralism (1981), The Art of Fiction (1992), and Consciousness and the Novel (2002). Since 1987 he has been a full-time writer. Lodge has used his deep intimacy with the academic world in many of his novels, which reveal a talent for deft characterization, wry humor, and incisive commentary. At its best, Lodge's fiction combines satire with humane sympathy for his characters. His novels include The Picturegoers (1960), Changing Places (1979), Small World (1985), Nice Work (1988), Paradise News (1991), Therapy (1995), and Thinks … (2001).

Hotel designed for persons traveling by automobile, with convenient parking space provided (the name blends the words “motor hotel”). Originally usually consisting of a series of separate or attached roadside cabins, motels serve commercial and business travelers and persons attending conventions and business meetings as well as vacationers and tourists. By 1950 the automobile was the principal mode of travel in the U.S., and motels were built near large highways, just as hotels had been built near railroad stations.

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Originally an insubstantial dwelling, or one erected for a temporary occupational purpose (e.g., woodcutting or masonry) or for use during the hunting season. The lodge became a more permanent type of house as the lands around European mansions were developed as parks. The lodge was often the cottage of the gamekeeper, caretaker, gatekeeper, or gardener, or it could be a larger building for occupation by a higher-ranking person. Today the word suggests a rustic dwelling or inn in a natural setting, often one used seasonally (e.g., a ski lodge).

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(born July 5, 1902, Nahant, Mass., U.S.—died Feb. 27, 1985, Beverly, Mass.) U.S. politician and diplomat. The grandson of Sen. Henry C. Lodge, he served in the U.S. Senate (1937–44, 1947–52) and as U.S. representative to the UN (1953–60). In 1960 he was the Republican vice presidential candidate under Richard Nixon. During the 1960s he served as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam and as ambassador to West Germany. In 1969 he was the chief U.S. negotiator at the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam. He later served as special envoy to the Vatican.

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