Kamerun

Volcanic massif, Cameroon. Rising to 13,435 feet (4,095 metres), it is the highest peak in West Africa. Extending 14 miles (23 km) inland from the Gulf of Guinea, it is the westernmost extension of a series of mountains that form a natural boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria. Richard Burton climbed its summit in 1861. The volcano remains active.

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Volcanic massif, Cameroon. Rising to 13,435 feet (4,095 metres), it is the highest peak in West Africa. Extending 14 miles (23 km) inland from the Gulf of Guinea, it is the westernmost extension of a series of mountains that form a natural boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria. Richard Burton climbed its summit in 1861. The volcano remains active.

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Country, West Africa. Area: 183,569 sq mi (475,442 sq km). Population (2008): 18,468,000. Capital: Yaoundé. The country has numerous ethnic groups, including the Fang, Bamileke and Bamum, Duala, and Fulani. Pygmies (locally known as Baguielli and Babinga) live in the southern forests. Languages: French, English (both official), Fula, Bamileke, Duala. Religions: Christianity (mostly Roman Catholic and Protestant), traditional beliefs, Islam (mainly in the north). Currency: CFA franc. Cameroon has four geographic regions. The southern area consists of coastal plains and a densely forested plateau. The central region rises progressively to the north and includes the Adamawa Plateau. In the north a savanna plain slopes downward toward the Lake Chad basin. To the west and north along the Nigerian border the relief is mountainous and includes Mount Cameroon. Of the main rivers, the Sanaga drains into the Atlantic Ocean, and the Benue flows westward into the Niger River basin in Nigeria. Cameroon has a developing market economy based largely on petroleum and agriculture but with a growing services sector. It is a republic with one legislative house; its chief of state is the president and its head of government the prime minister. Long inhabited before European colonization, Cameroon was populated by Bantu-language speakers coming from equatorial Africa to settle in the south. They were followed by Muslim Fulani from the Niger River basin, who settled in the north. Portuguese explorers visited in the late 15th century, and the Dutch were also active there. In 1884 the Germans took control and extended their protectorate over Cameroon. In World War I joint French-British action forced the Germans to retreat, and after the war the region was divided into French and British administrative zones. After World War II the two areas became UN trusteeships. In 1960 the French trust territory became an independent republic. In 1961 the southern part of the British trust territory voted for union with the new Republic of Cameroon, and the northern part voted for union with Nigeria. The independent country has faced chronic economic problems, which have produced and exacerbated unrest in the country.

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Kamerun was an African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.

The first German trading post was founded in Douala in 1868 by the Hamburger shipping company Woermann. The protectorate was established during the "Scramble for Africa" by German explorer and imperialist Gustav Nachtigal. It was enlarged with Neukamerun in 1911 as part of the settlement of the Agadir Crisis, resolved by the treaty of Fez. It was conquered in 1916 by the Allies during World War I. Following Germany's defeat, the territory was divided into two League of Nations mandates (Class B) under the administration of Great Britain and France. French Cameroun and part of British Cameroons reunified in 1961 as Cameroon.

References

• DeLancey, Mark W., and DeLancey, Mark Dike (2000): Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
• Map of the territories exchanged between France and Germany at the treaty of Fez

See also