jantu

List of monarchs of Sri Lanka

The following is a list of monarchs of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) since 505 BC. The main source for many of these monarchs are the chronicles of the island maintained by monks, known as the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, and the Chulavamsa. This list should be used with the following factors kept in mind. Firstly the dates provided for the earliest monarchs are difficult to objectively verify; those which are particularly difficult to know have been denoted with a (?) mark. Secondly in terms of succession it is difficult to divide the monarchs into 'houses' or 'dynasties' as often the throne was passed around amongst related individuals within a particular clan; especially in medieval times there were no articulated rules of succession and whoever was in possession of the sacred Tooth Relic had a good claim to being called king.

Note on Chronology

It should be borne in mind that there is controversy about the base date of the Buddhist Era, with 544 BC and 483 BC being advanced as the date of the parinibbana of the Buddha. As Wilhelm Geiger pointed out, the Dipawamsa and Mahawamsa are the primary sources for ancient South Asian chronology; they date the consecration (abhisheka) of Asoka to 218 years after the parinibbana. Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne 56 years prior to this, or 162 years after the parinibbana. The approximate date of Chandragupta's ascension is known to be within two years of 321 BC (from Megasthenes). Hence the approximate date of the parinibbana is between 485 and 481 BC - which accords well with the Mahayana dating of 483 BC.

The difference between the two reckonings seems to have occurred at sometime between the reigns of Udaya III (946-954 or 1007-1015)and Pârakkama Pandya (c. 1046-1048), when there was considerable unrest in the country.

The chronology of the following list is based on the the traditional Sri Lankan system which is based on 544 BC, or 61 years earlier than the Mahayana calender. The dates after c 1048 are synchronous.

Vijayan monarchs (543 BC–237 BC)

from Tambapanni (Thammanna Nuwara) (553 BC–505 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Vijaya	-	-	543 BC	505 BC	Eldest child of Sihabahu and Sinhasivali Grandson of Suppadevi Great Grandson of the king of Vanga and daughter of the king of Kalinga Great Great Grandson of the king of Kalinga

from Vijitapura (Upatissa Nuwara) (505 BC–454 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Upatissa (regent)	-	-	505 BC	504 BC	*Chief Minister under Vijaya
align="center"\|Panduvasdeva	-	-	504 BC	474 BC	*Nephew of Vijaya
align="center"\|Abhaya	-	-	474 BC	454 BC	*Son of Panduvasdeva
align="center"\|Tissa (regent) (interregnum of seventeen years)	-	-	454 BC	437 BC	Second son of Panduvasudeva younger brother of Abhaya

Kings of Rajarata from Anuradhapura (237 BC–777)

Anuradhapuran monarchs (437 BC–237 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Pandukabhaya	-	-	437 BC	367 BC	Grandson of Panduvasudeva Son of Princess Umaddha Citta *Nephew of Abhaya and Tissa
align="center"\|Mutasiva	-	-	367 BC	307 BC	*Son of Pandukabhaya
align="center"\|Devanampiya Tissa	-	267 BC	307 BC	267 BC	*Second son of Mutasiva
align="center"\|Uttiya	-	-	267 BC	257 BC	*Brother of Devanampiya Tissa
align="center"\|Mahasiva	-	-	257 BC	247 BC	*Second (younger) brother of Devanampiya Tissa
align="center"\|Suratissa	-	-	247 BC	237 BC	*Younger brother of Mutasiva

The Two Chola Kings (237 BC–215 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Sena Chola	-	-	237 BC	215 BC	*Defeated Suratissa in battle and ruled with Gutthika
align="center"\|Gutthika	-	-	237 BC	215 BC	*Defeated Suratissa in battle and ruled with Sena Chola

Anuradhapuran monarchs (215 BC–205 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Asela	-	-	215 BC	205 BC	Youngest (ninth) brother of King Devanampiya Tissa Younger brother of King Suratissa *Regained the Kingdom from the Sena Chola and Gutthika

Chola invasion (205 BC–161 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Elara	-	-	205 BC	161 BC	*Defeated Asela in battle

Sub Kingdoms (205 BC–161 BC)

Maya Rata

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Kelani Tissa	-	-	205 BC	161 BC

Ruhuna

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Kavan Tissa	-	-	205 BC	161 BC

Ruhuna monarchs (161 BC–103 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|Dutugemunu (aka Dutta Gamini or Gamini)	-	-	161 BC	137 BC	Defeated Tamil Elara Eldest son of Kavan Tissa *Originally the ruler of Ruhuna
align="center"\|Saddha Tissa	-	-	137 BC	119 BC	*Brother of Dutugemunu
align="center"\|Thulatthana (Tulna)	-	-	119 BC	119 BC	*Second son of Saddha Tissa
align="center"\|Lanja Tissa	-	-	119 BC	109 BC	Older brother of Thullattana Oldest son of Saddha Tissa
align="center"\|Khallata Naga (Kalunna)	-	-	109 BC	103 BC	Brother of Lajja Tissa Third son of Saddha Tissa
align="center"\|Vattagamani Abhaya (aka Valagambahu I) (Walagamba)	-	-	103 BC	103 BC	*Fourth son of Saddha Tissa

The Pancha Dravida (the 'Five Dravidans') (104 BC–89 BC)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Pulahatta	-	-	103 BC	100 BC	*Tamil Chief
align="center"\|Bahiya	-	-	100 BC	98 BC	*Chief Minister of Pulahatha
align="center"\|Panya Mara	-	-	98 BC	91 BC	*Prime Minister of Bahiya
align="center"\|Pilaya Mara	-	-	91 BC	90 BC	*Chief Minister of Panayamara
align="center"\|Dathika	-	-	90 BC	89 BC	*Chief Minister of Pilayamara

Anuradhapura monarchs (89 BC–66)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Vattagamani Abhaya (aka Valagambahu I) (Walagamba)	-	-	89 BC	76 BC	*Fourth son of Saddha Tissa
align="center"\|Mahakuli Mahatissa (Maha Cula Maha Tissa)	-	-	76 BC	62 BC	Son of Khallatanaga Nephew and adopted son of Valagambahu I
align="center"\|Chore Naga (Mahanaga)	-	-	62 BC	50 BC	Son of Valagambahu I Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa
align="center"\|Kuda Tissa	-	-	50 BC	47 BC	*Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
align="center"\|Siva I	-	-	47 BC	47 BC
align="center"\|Vatuka	-	-	47 BC	47 BC
align="center"\|Darubhatika Tissa	-	-	47 BC	47 BC
align="center"\|Niliya	-	-	47 BC	47 BC
align="center"\|Queen Anula	-	-	47 BC	42 BC	*Widow of Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa
align="center"\|Kutakanna Tissa	-	-	42 BC	20 BC	Brother of Kuda Tissa Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
align="center"\|Bhatikabhaya Abhaya	-	-	20 BC	9 AD	*Son of Kuttakanna Tissa
align="center"\|Mahadathika Mahanaga	-	-	9	21	*Brother of Bhatika Abhaya
align="center"\|Amandagamani Abhaya	-	-	21	30	*Son of Mahadathika Mahanaga
align="center"\|Kanirajanu Tissa	-	-	30	33	*Brother of Amandagamani Abhaya
align="center"\|Chulabhaya	-	-	33	35	*Son of Amandagamani Abhaya
align="center"\|Queen Sivali	-	-	35	35	*Sister of Chulabhaya
align="center"\|Interregnum	-	-	35	38	*Nephew of Queen Sivali
align="center"\|Ilanaga (Elunna)	-	-	38	44	*Nephew of Queen Sivali
align="center"\|Chandamukha	-	-	44	52	*Son of Ilanaga
align="center"\|Yassalalaka Tissa	-	-	52	60	*Younger brother of Candhamuka Siva
align="center"\|Subharaja (aka Subha)	-	-	60	66	*The hall porter of King Yasalaka Tissa

Lambakanna monarchs (66–432)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Vasabha	-	-	66	110	*A member of the Lambakanna clan
align="center"\|Vankanasika Tissa	-	-	110	113	*Son of Vasabha
align="center"\|Gajabâhu I	-	-	113	135	*Son of Vankanasika Tissa
align="center"\|Mahallaka Naga	-	-	135	141	*Father-in-Law of Gajabahu I
align="center"\|Bhatika Tissa	-	-	141	165	*Son of Mahallaka Naga
align="center"\|Kanittha Tissa	-	-	165	193	*Younger brother of Bhatika Tissa
align="center"\|Cula Naga (aka Khujjanaga)	-	-	193	195	*Son of Kanitta Tissa
align="center"\|Kuda Naga (aka Kunchanaga)	-	-	195	196	*Brother of Cula Naga
align="center"\|Siri Naga I	-	-	196	215	*Brother-in-Law of Kuda Naga
align="center"\|Voharika Tissa (aka Vira Tissa & Voharikathissa)	-	-	215	237	*Son of Siri Naga I
align="center"\|Abhaya Naga	-	-	237	245	*Brother of Voharaka Tissa
align="center"\|Siri Naga II	-	-	245	247	*Son of Voharaka Tissa
align="center"\|Vijaya Kumara	-	-	247	248	*Son of Siri Naga II
align="center"\|Sangha Tissa I	-	-	248	252	*A Lambakanna
align="center"\|Siri Sangha Bodhi I (aka Siri Sangabo)	-	-	252	254	*A Lambakanna
align="center"\|Gathabhaya	-	-	254	267	Minister of State A Lambakanna
align="center"\|Jettha Tissa I (aka Detuthis I)	-	-	267	277	*Eldest son of Gothabhaya
align="center"\|Maha Sena	-	-	277	304	Brother of Jettha Tissa Younger son of Gothabhaya
align="center"\|Sirimeghavanna	-	-	304	332	*Son of Mahasena
align="center"\|Jettha Tissa II	-	-	332	341	*Brother of Sirimeghavanna
align="center"\|Buddhadasa	-	-	341	370	*Son of Jettha Tissa II
align="center"\|Upatissa I	-	-	370	412	*Eldest son of Buddhadasa
align="center"\|Mahanama	-	-	412	434	*Brother of Upatissa I
align="center"\|Soththisena	-	-	434	434	*Mahanama’s son born to a Tamil mother
align="center"\|Chattagahaka Jantu (aka Chhattagahaka)	-	-	434	435	Husband of Sangha Daughter of Mahanama by his Sinhala Queen
align="center"\|Mittasena	-	-	435	436	*A noted plunderer

Shad Dravida (The 'Six Dravidians') (436–463)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Pandu	-	-	436	441	*A Tamil invader
align="center"\|Parindu	-	-	441	441	*Son of Pandu
align="center"\|Khudda Parinda	-	-	441	447	*Younger brother of Pandu
align="center"\|Tiritara	-	-	447	447	*Fourth Tamil ruler
align="center"\|Dathiya	-	-	447	450	*Fifth Tamil ruler
align="center"\|Pithiya	-	-	450	452	*Sixth Tamil ruler

Moriya monarchs (463–684)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Dhatusena	-	-	463	479	Son of Sangha, the daughter of Mahanama Liberated Anuradhapura from 27 years of Pandyan (Tamil) Rule
align="center"\|Kassapa I (the Usurper)(of Sigiriya)	-	-	479	497	*Son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman
align="center"\|Moggallana I	-	-	497	515	Son of Dhatusena Brother of Kasyapa
align="center"\|Kumara Dhatusena	-	-	515	524	*Son of Mogallana
align="center"\|Kittisena	-	-	524	524	*Son of Kumara Dhatusena
align="center"\|Siva II	-	-	524	525	*Uncle of Kirti Sena
align="center"\|Upatissa II	-	-	525	526	*Son-in-Law of Kumara Dhatusena
align="center"\|Silakala Ambosamanera	-	-	526	539	*A prince of Lambakanna stock
align="center"\|Dathappabhuti	-	-	539	535	*Second son of Silakala
align="center"\|Moggallana II	-	-	535	555	*Eldest brother of Dathapatissa
align="center"\|Kittisirimegha	-	-	555	573	*Son of Mogallana II
align="center"\|Mahanaga	-	-	573	575	*Minister of War under King Dathapatissa
align="center"\|Aggabodhi I	-	-	575	608	Brother of Mahanaga Nephew and Sub-King of Mahanaga
align="center"\|Aggabodhi II	-	-	608	618	*Nephew and son-in-law of Aggabodhi I
align="center"\|Sangha Tissa II	-	-	618	618	*Brother and Sword-bearer of Aggabodhi II
align="center"\|Moggallana III	-	-	618	623	*Commander-in-Chief during the reign of Aggabodhi II
align="center"\|Silameghavanna	-	-	623	632	*King Mogallana’s Sword-bearer
align="center"\|Aggabodhi III Sirisanghabodhi	-	-	632	632	*Son of Silimeghavanna
align="center"\|Jettha Tissa III	-	-	632	633	*Son of King Sangha Tissa
align="center"\|Aggabodhi III (restored)	-	-	633	643	*Son of Silimeghavanna
align="center"\|Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpatha	-	-	643	643	*General of Jettha Tissa (Dathasiva)
align="center"\|Aggabodhi III (restored)	-	-	643	643	*Son of Silimeghavanna
align="center"\|Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpatha	-	-	643	650	*
align="center"\|Kassapa II	-	-	650	659	Brother of Agbo II Sub-King of Dathopa Tissa
align="center"\|Dappula I	-	-	659	659	*Son in law of Silimeghavanna
align="center"\|Dathopa Tissa II	-	673	659	667	*Nephew of Dathopa Tissa I (Hattha Datha)
align="center"\|Aggabodhi IV	-	-	667	683	*Younger brother of Dathopa Tissa
align="center"\|Datta	-	-	683	684	*A chief of Royal blood who was placed on the throne by a wealthy Tamil Officer
align="center"\|Hatthadpatha II	-	-	684	684	*A youth also placed on the throne by the Tamil Officer

Lambakanna monarchs (Pallava clients) (684–777)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Manavanna	-	-	684	718	Son of Kassapa I Descendant of Silamegahavanna
align="center"\|Aggabodhi V	-	-	718	724	*Son of Manavamma
align="center"\|Kassapa III	-	-	724	730	*Brother of Aggabodhi V
align="center"\|Mahinda I	-	-	730	733	*Younger brother of Kassapa III
align="center"\|Aggabodhi VI	-	-	733	772	*Son of Kassapa III
align="center"\|Aggabodhi VII	-	-	772	777	*Son of Mahinda

Kings of Rajarata from Anuradhapura and other capitals (777–c. 1007)

Lambakanna monarchs (777–c. 1007)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Mahinda II Silamegha	-	-	777	797	*Son of Aggabodhi VI
align="center"\|Dappula II (or Udaya I)	-	-	797	801	Son of Mahinda II The sub-king of Mahinda II
align="center"\|Mahinda III	-	-	801	804	*Son of Dappula II
align="center"\|Aggabodhi VIII	-	-	804	815	*Brother of Mahinda III
align="center"\|Dappula III	-	-	815	831	*Younger brother of Aggabodhi VIII
align="center"\|Aggabodhi IX	-	-	831	833	*Son of Dappula III
align="center"\|Sena I	-	-	833	853	*Younger brother of Aggabodhi IX
align="center"\|Sena II	-	-	853	887	Nephew of Sena I Son of Kassapa
align="center"\|Udaya I	-	-	887	898	*Brother of sub-king of Sena II
align="center"\|Kassapa IV	-	-	898	914	Son of Sena II Sub-king of Udaya I
align="center"\|Kassapa V	-	-	914	923	*Son of Kassapa IV
align="center"\|Dappula IV	-	-	923	924	*Son of Kassapa V
align="center"\|Dappula V	-	-	924	935	*Brother of Dappula IV
align="center"\|Udaya II	-	-	935	938	Nephew of Sena II Sub-king of Dappula V
align="center"\|Sena III	-	-	938	946	*Brother of Udaya II
align="center"\|Udaya III	-	-	946	954	*Sub-king of Sena III (a great friend of the king)
align="center"\|Sena IV	-	-	954	956	Son of Kassapa V Sub-king of Udaya III
align="center"\|Mahinda IV	-	-	956	972	Brother of Sena IV Nephew of Udaya III *Sub-king of Sena
align="center"\|Sena V	-	-	972	982	*Son of Mahinda IV
align="center"\|Mahinda V (Fled and ruled in Ruhuna)	-	1037	982	993	*Younger brother of Sena V

Chola emperors (993–1054)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Rajaraja Chola I	-	-	993	1044
align="center"\|Rajadiraja Chola I	-	-	1018	1054	*Chola (Tamil) Administration

Titular kings of Rajarata (c. 1029–c. 1055)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Vikramabahu (aka Kassapa VI before coronation)	-	-	c.1029	c.1040	*Son of Mahinda
align="center"\|Kirthi (Minister)	-	-	c.1040	c.1040	*A nobleman of Ruhuna
align="center"\|Mahalana Kirthi	-	-	c.1040	c.1042	*A Chief
align="center"\|Vikkama Pandya	-	-	c.1042	c.1043	*A Sinhala Prince
align="center"\|Jagathpala	-	-	c.1043	c.1046	*A native of Ayodhya
align="center"\|Pârakkama Pandya	-	-	c.1046	c.1048
align="center"\|Lokeshwara (Minister)	-	-	c.1048	c.1054	*An inhabitant of Ruhuna
align="center"\|Kassapa VII (aka Keshadhathu Kassapa)	-	-	c.1054	c.1055	*A Chief

Kings of Rajarata from Polonnaruwa (1055–1236)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Vijayabâhu I	-	-	1055	1110	*Grandson of Vikrama Bahu
align="center"\|Jayabâhu I	-	-	1110	1111	Brother of Vijaya Bahu I Prime Minister of Vijaya Bahu
align="center"\|Vikramabâhu I	-	1131/32	1111	1132	*Son of Vijaya Bahu from a princess of Kalinga
align="center"\|Gajabâhu II	-	-	1131	1153	*Son of Vikramabâhu I
align="center"	align="center"\|Parâkramabâhu I 'the Great'	1123	1186	1153	1186	Grandson of Vijaya Bahu I Prince of Royal Blood Pandyan descent Son of Manabharana and Vijaya Bahu’s
align="center"\|Vijayabâhu II	-	-	1186	1187	*Parakrama Bahu’s nephew (sisters son)
align="center"\|Mahinda VI	-	-	1187	1187	*A Kalinga

Kalinga monarchs (1187–1212)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Nissanka Malla	-	-	1187	1196	A Kalinga Prince Sub-king of Vijaya Bahu II
align="center"\|Vira Bahu I	-	-	1196	1196	*Son of Nissanka Malla
align="center"\|Vikramabâhu II	-	-	1196	1196	*Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
align="center"\|Chodaganga	-	-	1196	1197	*Nephew of Nissanka Malla
align="center"\|Queen Lilavati	-	-	1197	1200	*Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I
align="center"\|Sahassamalla	-	-	1200	1202	*King Nissanka Malla’s younger brother
align="center"\|Queen Kalyanavati	-	-	1202	1208	*Queen of late King Nissanka Malla
align="center"\|Dharmashoka	-	-	1208	1209	*Infant King 3 months old was put to death by Anikanga
align="center"\|Anikanga Mahadipada	-	-	1209	1209	*Governor of Maya Rata
align="center"\|Queen Lilavati (restored)	-	-	1209	1210	*Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I
align="center"\|Lokissara	-	-	1210	1211
align="center"\|Queen Lilavati (restored)	-	-	1211	1212	*Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I

Pandya monarchs (1212–1215)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Parakrama Pandya	-	-	1212	1215	*South Indian Invader (Pandyan)

Kalinga monarchs (1215–1236)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Magha	-	-	1215	1236	*A prince of Kalinga

Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1220–1302)

from Dambadeniya (1220–1270)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Vijayabâhu III	-	-	1220	1234	*A patriotic Prince of Sinhala Royal blood
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu II	-	-	1234	1267	*Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu III
align="center"\|Vijayabâhu IV	-	-	1267	1270	*Eldest son of Panditha Parakrama Bahu II

from Yapahuwa (1272–1286)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Mitta	-	-	127	127	*A General of the Army
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabâhu I	-	-	1272	1285	*Brother of Vijaya Bahu IV
align="center"\|Chandra Bhanu	-	-	1285	1285	*Son of the first ruler of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
align="center"\|Interregnum	-	-	1285	1286

from Polonnaruwa (1287–1293)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu III	-	-	1287	1293	Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I Son of Vijaya Bahu IV

from Kurunagala (1293–1302)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabâhu II	-	-	1293	1302	Son of Buvaneka Bahu I Cousin of Parakrama Bahu III
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu IV	-	-	1302	1326	*Son of Buvanekka Bahu II
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabahu III	-	-	1326	1335	*Known as Vanni Buvaneka Bahu
align="center"\|Vijayabâhu V	-	-	1335	1341	*Second son of Chandra Banu of Jaffnapatnam
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabâhu IV	-	-	1341	1353	*Son of Vijaya Bahu V

Kingdom of Gampola (1344–1408)

from Dedigama(1344–1359)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu V	-	-	1344	1359	Brother of Buvaneka Bahu IV Son of Vijaya Bahu V

from Gampola (1357–1408)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Vikramabâhu III	-	-	1357	1374	*Son of Buvaneka Bahu IV
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabâhu V	-	-	1372	1408	*Nissanka Alakeswara’s son by the sister of Vikrama Bahu III

Kings of Raigama (1392–1423)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Veerabahu II	-	-	1392	1397	*Brother in law of King Buvaneka Bahu V
align="center"\|Veeralankeshwara (Vijaya Bahu VI)	-	-	1397	1410
align="center"\|Kahawelageshwara	-	-	-	-

Kingdom of Kotte and Sub Kingdoms(1412–1597)

Kings stated with an alternative city is a Sub Kingdom, otherwise is Kotte.

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Parakramabâhu VI	-	-	1412	1467	Prince named Sepanana (Jayapala) descended from Parakrama Bahu The third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
align="center"\|Jayabâhu II (Vira Parakrama Bahu VII)	-	-	1467	1470	*Son of Parakrama Bahu II’s natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi
align="center"\|Bhuvanaikabâhu VI (aka Sapumal Kumara)	-	-	1470	1480	*Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu VII	-	-	1480	1484
align="center"\|Parâkkamabâhu VIII	-	-	1484	1489	Ambulagala Kumara Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
align="center"\|Dharma Parãkramabãhu IX (of Kelaniya)	-	-	1508/09	1528	*Son of Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII
align="center"\|Vijaya Bahu VII	-	1521	1509	1521	Brother of Dharma Parakrama Bahu IX Rajah of Menik Kadavara
align="center"\|Bhuvanekabãhu VII	-	1551	1521	1551	*Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu
align="center"\|Vidiyë Bandãra (Regent)	-	-	1521	1555	*Son of Bhuvanekabãhu VII
align="center"\|Dharmapala (aka Dom Joaõ Dharmapala)	-	May 27 1597	1551	May 27 1597	Son of Vidiyë Bandãra Grandson and heir of Bhuvanekabãhu VII

Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1594)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until
align="center"\|Mayadunne	-	1581	1521	1581	Brother of Bhuvaneka Bahu VII Son of Vijaya Bahu VII
align="center"\|Rajasimha I (aka Tikiri Banda)	-	1593	1581	1593	*Son of Mayadunne
align="center"\|Jayaweera Bandãra (baptised as Dom Manoel)	-	-	-	-	*Treasurer of Rajasinghe I
align="center"\|Rajasurya	-	-	1593	1594

Kingdom of Kandy (1590–1815)

Konnapu Bandara Dynasty (1591–1739)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|Vimaladharmasuriya I (aka Don João da Austria)	-	-	1592	1604	*Son of Vijayasundara Bandara
align="center"\|Senarat	-	-	1604	1635	*Cousin of Vimala Dharma Suriya I
align="center"	align="center"\|Rajasinghe II	-	November 25 1687	1635	November 25 1687	*Son of Dona Catherina and Senarat
align="center"\|Vimaladharmasurya II	-	June 4 1707	1687	June 4 1707	*Son of King Rajasinghe II
align="center"\|Vira Narendra Sinha (aka Sri Vira Parakrama Narendra Singha)	-	13 May 1739	June 4 1707	13 May 1739	*Son of Vimala Dharma Suriya II

Kandy Nayakar Dynasty (1739–1815)

(a.k.a Madurai Nayak Dynasty)''

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"\|Vijaya Rajasinha (aka Rajasimha III, Sri Vijaya Raja Singha)	-	August 11 1747	May 13 1739	August 11 1747	*Brother-in-law of Narendra Singha
align="center"\|Kirtisri (aka Kirti Sri Raja Singha)	-	January 2 1782	August 11 1747	January 2 1782	*Sri Vijaya Raja Singha’s wife’s eldest brother from Madura
align="center"\|Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha	-	July 26 1798	January 2 1782	July 26 1798	*Brother of Kirthi Sri Raja Singha
align="center"	align="center"\|Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (aka Rajasimha IV)	1780	Jan 30, 1832	July 26 1798	5 March 1815	*Nephew of Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha

Portuguese Colonial rule (1580–1658)

The Portugal Colonial rule of Ceylon lasted from 1580 to 1658, during which the Portuguese ruled several parts of the costal areas of the island.

Kings of Portugal (1580–1658)

Portuguese House of Habsburg (Philippine Dynasty)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|Philip I (aka Filipe I (in Portugal) Felipe II (in Spain)	21 May, 1527	13 September, 1598	1580	13 September,1598	Grandson of Manuel I Nephew and son-in-law of John III
align="center"	align="center"\|Philip II (aka Filipe II (in Portugal) Felipe III (in Spain)	14 April, 1578	31 March, 1621	14 April, 1598	31 March, 1621	*Son of Philip I
align="center"	align="center"\|Philip III (aka Filipe III (in Portugal) Felipe IV (in Spain)	8 April, 1605	17 September, 1665	31 March, 1621	17 September, 1665	*Son of Philip II

House of Braganza (Brigantine Dynasty)

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|John IV (aka Filipe I (in Portugal) Felipe II (in Spain))	18 March, 1603	6 November, 1656	1 December, 1640	6 November, 1656	*Great-great-grandson of Manuel I
align="center"	align="center"\|Afonso VI (aka Afonso VI (Portuguese), Alphonse VI (English), Affonso VI (Old Portuguese)	21 August, 1643	12 September, 1683	6 November, 1656	1658	*Son of John IV

General Captains

Pedro Lopos de Sousa 1594
D. Jeronimo de Azevedo 1594-1613
D. Francisco de Meneses 1613-1614
Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 1614-1616
Nuno Alvares Pereira 1616-1618
Constantino de Sa e Noronha 1618-1622
Philippe III 1621-1640
Jorge do Albuquerque 1622-1623
Constantino de Sa e Noronha 1623-1630
D. Philippe Mascarenhas 1630-1631
D. Jorge de Almeida 1631-1633
Diego de Mello de Castro 1633-1635
D. Jorge de Almeida 1635-1636
Diogo de Mello de Castro 1636-1638
D. Antonio Mascarenhas 1638-1640
John IV of Braganza 1640-1645
D. Philippe Mascarenhas 1640-1645
Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 1645-1653
Francisco de Mello de Castro 1653-1655
Antonio de Sousa Coutinho 1655-1656
Antonio de Amaral de Menezes 1656-1658, Jaffna

Dutch Colonial rule

The Dutch Colonial rule of Ceylon lasted from 1640 to 1796. This began with the capture of Portuguese areas, during the Dutch rule the enter coast of the Island was occupied by the Dutch, leaving only the Kingdom of Kandy.

Dutch governors of Zeylan (1640–1796)

British Colonial rule

British Monarchs (1796–1948)

In 1796 British gained control of the coastal areas from the Dutch and in 1815 the entire island. The Kandyan Convention of 1815 recognized the King of England as the King of Kandy, hence the British Monarchs from 1796 to 1948 was the Monarchs of Ceylon.House of Hanover

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|George III	04 June, 1738	29 January, 1820	1796	29 January, 1820	*Son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
align="center"	align="center"\|George IV	12 August, 1762	26 June, 1830	29 January, 1820	26 June, 1830	*Son of George III
align="center"	align="center"\|William IV	21 August, 1765	20 June, 1837	26 June, 1830	20 June. 1837	*Son of George III
align="center"	align="center"\|Victoria	24 May, 1819	22 January, 1901	20 June, 1837	22 January, 1901	*Daughter of Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|Edward VII	9 November, 1841	6 May, 1910	22 January, 1901	6 May, 1910	*Son of Victoria

House of Windsor

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|George V	3 June, 1865	20 January, 1936	6 May, 1910	20 January, 1936	*Son of Edward VII
align="center"	align="center"\|Edward VIII	23 June, 1894	28 May, 1972	20 January, 1936	11 December, 1936	*Son of George V
align="center"	align="center"\|George VI	14 December, 1895	6 February, 1952	11 December, 1936	6 February, 1948	*Son of George V

British Governors of Ceylon (1796–1948)

Between 1796 and 1948, Ceylon was a British crown colony. Although the British monarch was the head of state, in practice his or her functions were exercised in the colony by the colonial Governor, who acted on instructions from the British government in London.

Post independence Heads of State (1948- )

Monarch of Ceylon

House of Windsor

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	King From	King Until	Relationship with Predecessor(s)
align="center"	align="center"\|George VI	14 December, 1895	6 February, 1952	4 February, 1948	6 February, 1952	*Son of George V
align="center"	align="center"\|Elizabeth II	21 April, 1926		6 February, 1952	May 22, 1972	*Daughter of George VI

Governor-Generals of Ceylon (1948–1972)

In 1948, Sri Lanka achieved independence from the United Kingdom as a Dominon within the Commonwealth, and the British monarch remained the head of state. The Governor was replaced with a Governor-General, responsible not to London, but the local parliament.

Prime Ministers of Ceylon and Sri Lanka (1948 - 1978)

The post of Prime Minister of Ceylon was created in 1947 prior to independence from Britain and the formation of the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. In 1972 when Sri Lanka became a republic the name of the post changed to Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. With a Westminster-based political system establish the Prime Minister was the head of government therefore the most powerful political office of the country at the time. This changed in 1978, with constitutional change, when the Executive Presidency was created making the President both head of state and head of government. Until 1978 the Prime minister was also the Minister of Defence and External Affairs.

Presidents of Sri Lanka (1978—)

The 1978 constitution moved from a Westminster-based political system into one modeled on France.The President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, head of the Cabinet, appoints the prime minister, and could dissolve parliament (after one year has passed since the convening of parliament after a parliamentary election).