Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous family of more than 30, generalized, mostly genetic skin disorders. The word comes from Greek ιχθύωση and Ancient Greek ιχθύς, „fish“. The most common type of ichthyosis is ichthyosis vulgaris accounting for >95% of the cases.

Types

There are several forms of ichthyosis. Most forms of ichthyosis are genetic conditions. Common forms include:

• Ichthyosis vulgaris
• X-linked ichthyosis
• Ichthyosis lamellaris
• Harlequins Ichthyosis
• Bullous Ichthyosis
• Ichthyosis acquisita

Ichthyosis in domestic dogs

Ichthyosis of varying severity is well-documented in some popular breeds of domestic dogs. The most common breeds in which this condition manifests itself are Golden retrievers, American bulldogs, Jack Russell terriers, and Cairn terriers.

Diagnosis

A physician often can diagnose ichthyosis by looking at the skin. A family history is also very useful. In some cases, a skin biopsy will be done to help to confirm the diagnosis. In a biopsy, a small piece of skin is removed and examined under a microscope. In some instances, genetic testing may be helpful in making a diagnosis. Ichthyosis is not more or less common in any ethnic group. As of now, there is no way to prevent ichthyosis.

Treatments

Treatments for ichthyosis often take the form of topical application of creams and emollient oils, in an attempt to hydrate the skin. Retinoids are also used for some conditions. Exposure to sunlight may improve or worsen the condition.

There can be ocular manifestations of ichthyosis, such as corneal and ocular surface diseases. Vascularizing keratitis, which is more commonly found in congenital keratitis-ichythosis-deafness (KID), may worsen with isotretinoin therapy. Ectropion, if it occurs, can be treated surgically after skin hydration.

See also

• psoriasis
• dermatitis
• emollient
• Skin disease

References

External links

• Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types USA
• British Ichthyosis Support Group
• European Network for Ichthyosis