Port Hope, town (1991 pop. 11,505), SE Ont., Canada, on Lake Ontario, E of Toronto. It has a large plant for refining uranium ore and is a summer resort.

Nicolson, Marjorie Hope, 1894-1981, American educator, b. Yonkers, N.Y., grad. Univ. of Michigan (B.A., 1914; M.A., 1918) and Yale (Ph.D., 1920). She was dean and professor at Smith from 1929 to 1941, when she became the first woman professor on the graduate faculties of Columbia. She remained there until 1962, serving her last eight years as chairman of the graduate department of English and Comparative Literature. In 1940 she became the first woman president of Phi Beta Kappa, and in 1963 served as president of the Modern Language Association of America. An authority on 17th-century literature and thought, she was the author of the prize-winning Newton Demands the Muse (1946), The Breaking of the Circle (1950), Science and Imagination (1956), Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory (1959), A Reader's Guide to Milton (1963), Pepys' Diary and the New Science (1965), and This Long Disease, My Life (1968).

Linlithgow, Victor Alexander John Hope, 2d marquess of, 1887-1952, British statesman, viceroy of India. Linlithgow was civil lord of the admiralty (1922-24) and held numerous other public positions. As chairman of the committee on Indian constitutional reform (1933), he helped formulate the Government of India Act of 1935, and in 1936 he was appointed viceroy of India. In the first elections held (1937) under the act, the Indian National Congress party won in 7 of the 11 provinces, and Linlithgow persuaded its leaders to take office in spite of their reservations about certain aspects of the act. At the outbreak (1939) of World War II, however, the viceroy, without consulting the Indian parties, declared that India was at war with Germany, and the Congress provincial ministries resigned in protest. In 1942, when Congress mounted a massive civil disobedience campaign at a time when India was threatened by Japanese invasion, he interned the Congress leaders. Linlithgow was succeeded as viceroy in 1943 by Lord Wavell.

Hope, Bob, 1903-2003, American comedian, b. London as Leslie Townes Hope; he came to the United States at the age of five. Famous for his "ski-jump" nose, topical humor, superb timing, brashly irreverant attitude, and rapid-fire delivery, Hope enjoyed immense popularity. He began his show-business career as a vaudeville dancer and later appeared in plays and film, on radio and television, and in concert. In addition, he hosted the Academy Awards ceremonies a record-breaking 17 times over 38 years. Hope made more than 50 films, including seven "Road" pictures, a comic series that began with Road to Singapore (1940), which introduced his long partnership with crooner Bing Crosby and actress Dorothy Lamour, included Road to Morocco (1942), and ended with Road to Hong Kong (1962). Among Hope's other movies are Monsieur Beaucaire (1946), The Paleface (1947), The Seven Little Foys (1955), and How to Commit Marriage (1969). He also wrote books on various topics, including his overseas travels and his love of golf. After 1972 he left movies but continued as the host of numerous television variety specials. A master of the monologue and the mildly salacious one-liner, he was an indefatigable entertainer of U.S. troops overseas from the 1940s into the 1990s.

Hope, Anthony, pseud. of Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins, 1863-1933, English novelist. A lawyer, he wrote novels in his spare time. The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), a romantic novel of impersonation set in an imaginary kingdom, was an international success. None of his later novels—including a sequel, Rupert of Hentzau (1898)—or plays approached its enormous popularity.

Hope, city (1990 pop. 9,643), seat of Hempstead co., SW Ark. Hope is a commercial center and a distribution point for an agricultural region. Its industries include food processing, printing, and the making of machinery and apparel. The city was the boyhood home of President Bill Clinton.

Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope: see Hope, Anthony.

Harvey, William Hope, 1851-1936, American writer on economics, called Coin Harvey, b. Buffalo, Putnam co., W.Va. He studied at Marshall College, practiced law, and interested himself in monetary problems. He was a vigorous advocate of bimetallism at the time the argument over coinage of silver was at its height. His Coin's Financial School (1894) attempted to explain the money question in simple terms. Harvey's sturdy pamphleteering had great influence on the Populist party, and his demand for free coinage of silver was given full expression when William Jennings Bryan ran for President in 1896. Bryan's famous "cross of gold" speech in 1896 embodied Harvey's ideas. Among Harvey's other works are Coin on Money, Trusts, and Imperialism (1899) and The Remedy (1915).

Good Hope, Cape of: see Cape Province.

Franklin, John Hope, 1915-, the dean of African-American historians, b. Rentiesville, Okla., grad. Fisk Univ. (A.B., 1935), Harvard Univ. (M.A., 1936; Ph.D., 1941). Franklin served on the faculties of his alma mater (1936-37), St. Augustine's College (1939-43), North Carolina College (1943-47), Howard Univ. (1947-56), Brooklyn College (1956-64), and the Univ. of Chicago (1964-82) before assuming (1982) the James B. Duke Professorship of History at Duke Univ. He became professor emeritus in 1985, but taught at Duke's law school from 1985 to 1992. Franklin was also president of Phi Beta Kappa (1973-76), the American Historical Association (1978-79), and several other scholarly organizations.

His many publications have focused on the history of the American South and on the African-American contribution to the development of the United States. His best-known book, the pioneering and now classic From Slavery to Freedom (1947; 8th ed. 2000), revolutionized the understanding of African-American history and changed the way the subject is taught throughout the United States. Among Franklin's other works are The Militant South: 1800-1860 (1956), Reconstruction after the Civil War (1961), Color and Race (1968), Racial Equality in America (1976), Race and History (1989), The Color Line (1993), and In Search of the Promised Land (with L. Schweninger, 2005). He has also edited a number of books, including a 1997 autobiography of his father, an Oklahoma lawyer. Franklin was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995 and was appointed President Clinton's adviser on race two years later. His papers form the nucleus of Duke's John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and African-American Documentation.

orig. Leslie Townes Hope

(born May 29, 1903, Eltham, Eng.—died July 27, 2003, Toluca Lake, Calif., U.S.) British-born U.S. actor. His family immigrated to Ohio when he was four years old. He created a song-and-comedy vaudeville act and in 1933 won his first substantial role in a musical, Roberta. Success in radio led to his first film, The Big Broadcast of 1938, in which he sang his theme song, “Thanks for the Memory.” He hosted the highly rated Bob Hope Show (1938–50) on radio and later hosted and appeared in numerous popular television specials. He costarred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour in seven popular “Road” pictures, beginning with The Road to Singapore (1940), and won fans in The Paleface (1948), My Favorite Spy (1951), and The Seven Little Foys (1955). For more than 40 years he performed with his variety show for U.S. troops overseas.

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Rocky promontory, southwestern coast, Western Cape province, South Africa. It was sighted by the Portuguese navigator Bartolemeu Dias in 1488 on his return voyage to Portugal after finding the southern limits of the African continent. Known for the stormy weather and rough seas encountered there, the cape lies at the convergence of warm currents from the Indian Ocean and cool currents from Antarctic waters. A part of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve established in 1939, the cape was the site of the first Dutch settlement at Table Bay in 1652.

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(born Jan. 2, 1915, Rentiesville, Okla., U.S.) U.S. historian. He attended Fisk University and received graduate degrees from Harvard and has taught at many colleges and universities, including Howard, Chicago, and Duke. He first gained international attention with From Slavery to Freedom (1947). He helped fashion the legal brief that led to the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision. He was the first black president of the American Historical Association (1978–79) and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995.

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