Hirsch, Emil Gustav, 1851-1923, American rabbi, b. Luxembourg. He was rabbi in Baltimore, Md., and Louisville, Ky., but is best known for his work as rabbi of the Sinai congregation of Chicago. In 1892 he became professor of rabbinical literature and philosophy at the Univ. of Chicago, and he was president (1885-97) of the Chicago Public Library board. He was an influential exponent of advanced thought and Reform Judaism. He edited the Milwaukee Der Zeitgeist (1880-82) and the Reform Advocate (1891-1923).

Hirsch, Maurice, baron de, 1831-96, German Jewish financier and philanthropist. The benefactor of numerous organizations and causes, his most ambitious project was the Jewish Colonization Association (1891), an organization designed to facilitate the emigration of Jews from Russia to colonies in North and South America. He formulated this colonization plan after the Russian government had refused his offer of $10 million for the establishment of proper educational conditions for Jews in that country. His other philanthropic contributions included immense sums donated to the Alliance Israélite Universelle (the first international Jewish organization), to Galician schools, and to various London hospitals.

Hirsch, Samson Raphael, 1808-88, German rabbi and chief exponent of Neo-Orthodoxy. As rabbi in Frankfurt-am-Main, he advocated the organization of autonomous Orthodox congregations outside the state-recognized Jewish communal structure because of the latter's failure to support traditional ideals and practices. He was not an isolationist, however; he sought to combine traditional Jewish studies with secular learning. He first promoted that notion in his Nineteen Letters (1836, tr. 1899). He maintained in Horeb (1837, tr. 1962) that the reason for the Jews' existence was—in keeping with biblical teachings—to exemplify the righteous life for all the world as revealed by God. He further saw Judaism as an organic institution and condemned the breaks in tradition advocated by the Reform movement.

(born June 20, 1808, Hamburg—died Dec. 31, 1888, Frankfurt-on-Main, Ger.) German Jewish scholar. He served as rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, Nikolsburg, and Frankfurt am Main. In his Nineteen Letters of Ben Uziel (1836), he expounded his system of Neo-Orthodoxy, which helped make Orthodox Judaism viable in 19th-century Germany. He advocated blending strict schooling in the Torah with modern secular education, and he argued that Orthodox Jews should separate from the larger Jewish community in defense of their traditions. His many works include commentaries on the Pentateuch and an Orthodox textbook on Judaism.

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(born June 20, 1808, Hamburg—died Dec. 31, 1888, Frankfurt-on-Main, Ger.) German Jewish scholar. He served as rabbi in Oldenburg, Emden, Nikolsburg, and Frankfurt am Main. In his Nineteen Letters of Ben Uziel (1836), he expounded his system of Neo-Orthodoxy, which helped make Orthodox Judaism viable in 19th-century Germany. He advocated blending strict schooling in the Torah with modern secular education, and he argued that Orthodox Jews should separate from the larger Jewish community in defense of their traditions. His many works include commentaries on the Pentateuch and an Orthodox textbook on Judaism.

Learn more about Hirsch, Samson Raphael with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Hirsch (deer in German and Yiddish) may refer to: Places

• Hirsch, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Hirsch, Saskatchewan, Canada
• Hirsch Observatory, an astronomical observatory in Troy, New York People
• August Hirsch
• Corey Hirsch
• David Philip Hirsch
• Edward Hirsch
• E. D. Hirsch Jr.
• Emanuel Hirsch, Protestant theologian
• Rabbi Emil Hirsch
• Emile Hirsch
• Helmut Hirsch
• Joe Hirsch
• John Stephen Hirsch
• Jorge E. Hirsch
• Judd Hirsch
• Julius Hirsch
• Kurt Hirsch
• Lou Hirsch
• Baron Maurice de Hirsch
• Moshe Hirsch
• Paul Hirsch
• Peter Hirsch
• Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch
• Rabbi Samuel Hirsch
• Robert L. Hirsch, energy research scientist and principal author of Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation, and Risk Management, created by request for the US Department of Energy
• Steven Hirsch
• Tomás Hirsch Others:
• Baron de Hirsch Cemetery, named after Moritz Hirsch
• Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Invitational, named after Joe Hirsch

See also

• Hirsh
• Hersch