Campbell's parents divorced when she was two years old. She and brother Christian resided largely with their father (who received custody of the two), with regular periods at their mother's home, until Neve moved into residence at the National Ballet of Canada at age nine. She trained at the National Ballet School of Canada at the age of nine, and appeared in performances of The Nutcracker and Sleeping Beauty. Campbell moved from dancing into acting at the age of 15, performing The Phantom of the Opera at the Pantages Theatre in Toronto. Her original goal was to make it professionally as a ballerina, but accumulated too many injuries; they included shin splints, fallen arches, pulled calf muscles, cracked ribs, a bunion removed from her big toe, snapping hip syndrome, tendonitis, bursitis, and stress-induced hair loss. She finally left dance in favor of a full-time acting career. She attended Earl Haig Secondary School in Toronto, Ontario.
Although Campbell's first widely released film was 1996's The Craft, she reached the height of her success when she appeared in the successful Scream horror film trilogy, followed by Wild Things (in which she played a goth who had tattoos and a tongue ring), and Three to Tango. She was on People's "50 Most Beautiful People" list in 1998.
Following the end of the Scream series, Campbell appeared in several films that received a limited theatrical release, but were well reviewed by critics, including the 2000 film Panic, in which she starred alongside William H. Macy and Donald Sutherland, and the 2003 film The Company, about Chicago's Joffrey Ballet. Campbell co-wrote, produced, and starred in the film. Despite pre-release publicity suggesting otherwise, Campbell did not break her tradition of having a "no-nudity" clause in her contract for the film.
She did break the clause for When Will I Be Loved, released in 2004, a film which was praised by critic Roger Ebert, but which received only a brief and limited theatrical release.
In March 2006, Campbell made her West End theatre debut, in a version of Arthur Miller's Resurrection Blues at the Old Vic theatre. The play, which received mixed reviews, co-stars Matthew Modine and Maximilian Schell, and was directed by Robert Altman, with whom Campbell has previously worked with in The Company. She performed again at the West End later in 2006 as part of Love Song, starring alongside Cillian Murphy, Michael McKean, and Kristen Johnston, to mixed reviews.
On July 7, 2007, Campbell presented at the UK leg of Live Earth at Wembley Stadium, London.
In August 2008, it has been announced by the Weinstein Company that a fourth Scream film is being made and that Campbell will reprise her role as Sidney Prescott. .
In 2005, Campbell began dating John Light, an English actor who she met while filming the movie Investigating Sex. The couple became engaged in December 2005 and live in London, England. When Light proposed, he got down on one knee and recited Shakespeare to Campbell. They married in Malibu on May 5, 2007; her father gave away the bride.
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | The Dark | Jesse Donovan | |
| 1996 | The Craft | Bonnie | |
| Scream | Sidney Prescott | ||
| 1997 | Scream 2 | Sidney Prescott | |
| 1998 | 54 | Julie Black | |
| Hairshirt | Renée Weber | ||
| Wild Things | Suzie Marie Toller | ||
| The Lion King II: Simba's Pride | Kiara | ||
| 1999 | Three to Tango | Amy Post | |
| 2000 | Drowning Mona | Ellen Rash | |
| Panic | Sarah Cassidy | ||
| Scream 3 | Sidney Prescott | ||
| 2001 | Investigating Sex | Alice | |
| 2002 | Last Call | Frances Kroll | aka Fitzgerald |
| 2003 | Lost Junction | Missy Lofton | |
| The Company | Ry | ||
| Blind Horizon | Chloe Richards | ||
| 2004 | When Will I Be Loved | Vera Barrie | |
| Churchill: The Hollywood Years | Princess Elizabeth | ||
| 2005 | Reefer Madness | Miss Poppy | |
| 2006 | Relative Strangers | Ellen Minola | |
| Partition | Margaret Stilwell | ||
| 2007 | Closing the Ring | Marie | |
| I Really Hate My Job | Waitress | ||
| 2008 | Agent Crush | Cassie (voice) | |
| Burn Up | Holly | ||
| 2010 | Scream 4 | Sidney Prescott | pre-production |
| Scream 5 | Sidney Prescott | Announced | |
| 2011 | Backstabbers | Suzie Marie Toller |