gill, in weights and measures: see English units of measurement.

book gill: see horseshoe crab.

Gill, Sir David, 1843-1914, Scottish astronomer, educated at the Univ. of Aberdeen. He made observations of the transits of Venus and Mars and investigated the solar parallax. As astronomer royal (1879-1907) at the Cape of Good Hope, he carried out the geodetic survey of Natal and Cape Colony and organized the geodetic survey of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). He was a leader in the use of photography in the preparation of star catalogs. His photographic survey of almost half a million stars in the Southern Hemisphere (with J. C. Kapteyn) is known as The Cape Photographic Durchmusterung for the Equinox 1875 (1896-1900). This work extended Argelander's Bonn Durchmusterung to the South Pole. Gill was knighted in 1900. His writings include his History and Description of the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope (1913).

Gill, Eric Rowland, 1882-1940, English sculptor, wood engraver, typographer, and writer. His sculpture includes Stations of the Cross (Westminster Cathedral, London); Prospero and Ariel (Broadcasting House, London); and the war memorial at the Univ. of Leeds. Gill illustrated many books for the Golden Cockerel Press after 1923. Among his books are Essay on Typography (1931) and Work and Property (1937).