This article is about the Roman prefect Petronius. For other uses of the name, see Gaius Petronius Arbiter and Petronius (disambiguation).

Gaius Petronius was the 2nd and then 4th prefect of Roman Egypt (AEgyptus). He led a campaign into present-day central Sudan against the kingdom of Meroe, whose queen had previously attacked Roman Egypt. Failing to aquire permanent gains, he razed the city of Napata to the ground and retreated to the north.