Ibárruri (Gómez), (Isidora) Dolores

(born Dec. 9, 1895, Gallarta, near Bilbao, Spain—died Nov. 12, 1989, Madrid) Spanish communist leader. The daughter of a poor miner, she became radicalized in her youth. In 1918 she published an article using her pseudonym (“The Passionflower”), and in 1920 she joined the new Communist Party of Spain. After a turbulent career, she emerged as a deputy in the Republican parliament. By the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 she had won fame as a fiery and even violent street orator, and she coined the Republican battle cry, “No pasarán!” (“They shall not pass!”). With Francisco Franco's victory in 1939 she fled to the Soviet Union; she returned in 1977 after his death and the party's relegalization. Reelected to parliament, she resigned because of ill health, but she remained honourary president of the party until her death.

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City (pop., 2001 est.: 471,267), southwestern Sweden. The country's chief seaport and second largest city, it lies along the Göta River estuary, about 5 mi (8 km) above the Kattegat. Founded in 1603, the city was destroyed in the Kalmar War with Denmark (1611–13) but was refounded in 1619. Many of the early inhabitants were Dutch, who built urban canals and laid out the city centre. A prosperous period began with the completion of the Göta Canal (1832) and the start of a transoceanic shipping service. It retains some historic architecture, and a moat still encircles the old part of the city. The port's principal exports are automobiles (Volvo), ball bearings, and paper.

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City (pop., 2006 est.: 305,600), western Azerbaijan. It lies along the Gäncä River. A town was founded nearby in the 5th–6th century AD, was destroyed by an earthquake in 1139, and was rebuilt on the present site. It was taken by the Mongols in 1231 and was captured in 1606 by the Persian Ssubdotafavid dynasty, who made it the centre of the Gäncä khanate. The Russians annexed it in 1804 and renamed it Yelizavetpolhamzah. In 1935 it was renamed Kirovabad and developed industrially to become one of the largest cities of Azerbaijan. It manufactures alumina, machinery, and instruments and is an agricultural processing centre. Notable buildings include Dzhuma-Mechet Mosque (1620) and the mausoleum of the 12th-century Persian poet Nezsubdotāmī, a lifelong resident of the city.

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Metallic chemical element, chemical symbol Ga, atomic number 31. Silvery white and soft enough to be cut with a knife, gallium has an unusually low melting point (about 30 °C [86 °F]), which allows it to liquefy in the palm of the hand. The liquid metal clings to or wets glass and similar surfaces. Gallium expands on solidification and supercools readily, remaining liquid at temperatures as low as 0 °C (32 °F). In various combinations with aluminum, indium, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, it forms compounds (e.g., gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide phosphide) with valuable semiconductor and optoelectronic properties; some of these compounds form the basis for such electronic devices as light-emitting diodes and semiconductor lasers.

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G‘uzor is a town in Uzbekistan.