fuchs - 3 reference results
Fuchs, Sir Vivian Ernest, 1908-99, English geologist and explorer, b. Kent, educated at Cambridge. He was a geologist on expeditions to Greenland (1929) and to Africa (1930-38). After army service in World War II, Fuchs became connected (1947) with the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, which included Antarctica; he directed the British Antarctic Survey from 1958 to 1973. With Sir Edmund Hillary he led (1957-58) the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and accomplished the first completely overland crossing of Antarctica. Fuchs was knighted in 1958 and in 1959 received the Hubbard Medal, the highest award of the National Geographic Society. He is credited with determining that Antarctica's ice lies atop a single landmass.
See his autobiography (1990); V. Fuchs and E. Hillary, The Crossing of Antarctica (1958).
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Fuchs, Klaus Emil, 1912-88, British physicist and Communist spy, b. Germany. In 1933 he fled Germany for England, where he completed his education. Interned (1940-41) in Canada as an enemy alien, he made no attempt to conceal his Communist sympathies and was soon released, becoming a naturalized British citizen. In 1943, he began work on the development of the atomic bomb project in the United States; during this period, he started transmitting information to the Soviet Union. He later (1946) became head of the theoretical physics division of the atomic research center at Harwell and continued his espionage activities, which were suspected only because of information gleaned by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation from confessed Communist agents in the United States. Arrested in Britain in 1950, he pleaded guilty and was imprisoned. Fuchs was released in 1959 and went to East Germany, where he was director of East Germany's Institute for Nuclear Physics until his retirement in 1979.
See R. C. Williams, Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy (1987).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press
Licensed from Columbia University Press
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