Fraser, Douglas Andrew, 1916-2008, American labor leader, b. Glasgow, Scotland. His family emigrated to the United States when he was a child and settled in Detroit, where he began his working life in an auto plant at 18. Becoming active in the United Automobile Workers (UAW), he rose through the ranks to a position as a union executive and earned wide respect as chief negotiator in union disputes with the Chrysler Corp. As president of the UAW from 1977 to 1983, Fraser led the union as it granted wage concessions in exchange for greater job security during the severe automobile-industry slump of 1981-82. A member of the Chrysler board of directors from 1980 to 1984, he was the first union leader elected to such a post. In 1983 he retired from the UAW and became university professor of labor studies at Wayne State Univ.; he also lectured at numerous colleges about labor issues.

Fraser, James Earle, 1876-1953, American sculptor, b. Winona, Minn., studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and in Paris. The best known of his many works are The End of the Trail (Visalia, Calif.), the designs for the "Indian head" nickel, and a statue of Alexander Hamilton (Treasury Building, Washington, D.C.).

Fraser, Malcolm (John Malcolm Fraser), 1930-, Australian political leader and prime minister (1975-83). A graduate of Oxford (1952), he entered the Australian parliament as a Liberal member in 1955. Under a Liberal-National Country coalition he held a number of cabinet positions, serving as minister of the army (1966-68), education and science (1968-69), and defense (1969-71). He became leader of the coalition in 1975 in oppostion, and prime minister after the Labor government of Gough Whitlam was dismissed. Fraser's generally conservative policies included cutting government spending and taxes, discouraging higher wages, increasing defense spending, and promoting a stronger ANZUS alliance. He was reelected in 1977 and 1980, retiring after the 1983 victory of the Labor party under Bob Hawke.

Fraser, Peter, 1884-1950, New Zealand political leader, b. Scotland. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1910. Previously active in Labour politics in London, he was elected to Parliament in 1918, becoming Labour party leader there. As minister of education, health, and marine (1935-40), he helped draft the Social Security Act of 1938. As prime minister (1940-49) he mobilized the country for war. He helped create the United Nations (1945), advocating protection for small countries. After economic unrest led to his downfall in 1949, he led the opposition in Parliament.

Fraser, Simon: see Lovat, Simon Fraser, 11th Baron.

Fraser, Simon, 1776-1862, Canadian explorer and fur trader. Born in Bennington, Vt., he was taken to Canada as a child. He entered the service of the North West Company in 1792, and in 1801 he was made a partner. In 1805 he was chosen to inaugurate the company's operations beyond the Rocky Mts., and after exploring and establishing trading posts on the upper reaches of the Fraser River, he and John Stuart and 20 companions explored (1808) the same river to tidewater. It was one of the most difficult and dangerous exploration trips on record in North America. He was disappointed to discover that the river he had explored was not the Columbia as he had hoped. In 1811, Fraser was placed in charge of the important Red River department of his company, where he came into conflict with the earl of Selkirk over the Red River Settlement. Fraser's journals of the expedition were edited by W. K. Lamb (1960).

Fraser, city (1990 pop. 13,899), Macomb co., SE Mich., a suburb of Detroit; inc. as a village 1894, as a city 1957. Automated machine tools and steel products are manufactured there.

Fraser, chief river of British Columbia, Canada, c.850 mi (1,370 km) long. It rises in the Rocky Mts., at Yellowhead Pass, near the British Columbia-Alta. line and flows northwest through the Rocky Mt. Trench to Prince George, thence south and west to the Strait of Georgia at Vancouver. Its chief tributaries are the Nechako, Quesnel, Chilcotin, and Thompson rivers. It is navigable to Yale, c.80 mi (130 km) upstream. The Fraser River canyon, which begins at Yale, is noted for its scenery; its mountain walls rise more than 3,000 ft (914 m). The river contains the chief spawning grounds in North America for the Pacific salmon. Logging is important along the upper course. The Fraser delta is the most fertile agricultural region of British Columbia; dairying and truck farming are important. The delta has the largest concentration of people in W Canada. Sections of the river are followed by oil and gas pipelines as well as transcontinental rail and highway routes. The Fraser River was visited by Sir Alexander Mackenzie, the Canadian explorer, who followed its upper course on his expedition (1793) to the Pacific Ocean and takes its name from Simon Fraser, the Canadian explorer and fur trader, who followed (1808) the river to its mouth, establishing fur-trading posts along the way. The river valley was the domain of the fur traders until the gold rush of 1858. After the discovery of gold (1859) in the Cariboo dist., on the river's upper reaches, the government built a road to serve the valley, and settlement of the region followed.

(born May, 20, 1776, Mapletown, N.Y.—died Aug. 18?, 1862, St. Andrews West, Canada West) Canadian explorer and fur trader. In 1784 he moved to Canada, where he became a clerk (1791) and later a partner (1801) in the North West Co. In 1805 he set out to find more suitable trade routes for the fur company. He discovered a river (later Fraser River) that he mistook for the Columbia River, realizing his error only after having followed its course for more than a year. In 1817, as head of the company's Red River Valley department, he was arrested for his alleged participation in the Seven Oaks Massacre. After his acquittal, he retired to Ontario. Simon Fraser University is named for him.

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(born May, 20, 1776, Mapletown, N.Y.—died Aug. 18?, 1862, St. Andrews West, Canada West) Canadian explorer and fur trader. In 1784 he moved to Canada, where he became a clerk (1791) and later a partner (1801) in the North West Co. In 1805 he set out to find more suitable trade routes for the fur company. He discovered a river (later Fraser River) that he mistook for the Columbia River, realizing his error only after having followed its course for more than a year. In 1817, as head of the company's Red River Valley department, he was arrested for his alleged participation in the Seven Oaks Massacre. After his acquittal, he retired to Ontario. Simon Fraser University is named for him.

Learn more about Fraser, Simon with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Fraser is a Statutory Town in Grand County, Colorado, United States. The population was 910 at the 2000 census. The town is in Middle Park in the valley of the Fraser River along U.S. Highway 40. Its location northwest of Winter Park, the location of several popular ski resorts, has provided growth in recent years with new condominium and other real estate developments.

This town is at an elevation of 8574 feet (2613 m) and was established in 1871. It was laid out along the Fraser River by George Eastom and originally named for him. Rueben Frazier, an early settler in the area, was well known by most of the locals and it wasn't long before people started calling the town Frazier. When the US Postal Authority granted a post office they wanted an easier spelling so took the name of the nearby Fraser River. It was the center of the timber industry until the Forest Service headquarters was moved to Hot Sulphur Springs in 1915, and the Ranger Station to Idlewild. The town was incorporated in 1953.

Fraser, with an annual mean temperature of 32.5 °F (or 34.8 °F based on another station in town) is the coldest incorporated town in the lower 48 states. It also has the shortest growing season, with an average of only 4-7 days, depending on the station. Both Fraser and International Falls, Minnesota have claimed the title "Icebox of the Nation," which has caused conflict between the two towns over the years.

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Fraser and nearby Winter Park, operating its California Zephyr daily in each direction between Chicago and Emeryville, California, across the bay from San Francisco.

Geography

Fraser is located at (39.944158, -105.813355).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.8 km²), of which, 1.9 square miles (4.8 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (1.07%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 910 people, 410 households, and 191 families residing in the town. The population density was 491.1 people per square mile (189.9/km²). There were 622 housing units at an average density of 335.7/sq mi (129.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.51% White, 0.88% African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.30% of the population.

There were 410 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.2% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the town the population was spread out with 17.9% under the age of 18, 14.2% from 18 to 24, 46.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 129.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,173, and the median income for a family was $39,643. Males had a median income of $29,583 versus $26,346 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,628. About 11.1% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Climate Data

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Avg high °F (°C)	29 (-2)	32 (0)	37 (3)	46 (8)	58 (14)	68 (20)	73 (23)	72 (22)	65 (18)	54 (12)	39 (4)	30 (-1)
Avg low temperature °F (°C)	-5 (-21)	-2 (-19)	4 (-16)	16 (-9)	24 (-4)	29 (-2)	34 (1)	32 (0)	24 (-4)	16 (-9)	6 (-14)	-3 (-20)

See also

• State of Colorado
• Colorado cities and towns
• Colorado municipalities
• Colorado counties
• Grand County, Colorado
• United States Forest Service
• Arapaho National Forest

References

External links

• Town of Fraser website
• CDOT map of the Town of Fraser
• History of Fraser